FIGURE 5.

Schematic of the current understanding of T2-Hi molecular and clinical phenotypes. Type 2 inflammation is characterized by enhanced activity of interleukin (IL)-4, -5, and -13 which commonly leads to eosinophilic inflammation, mast cells, mucus, and elevated fraction exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), all of which are likely to overlap to varying degrees. However, depending on the mix of cytokines and these accompanying immune processes, at least 4 distinct type 2 molecular phenotypes are recognizable, with varying response to therapy, ranging from simple mild allergic early-onset asthma to very severe, T2-Hi+ asthma. IFN, interferon; CS, corticosteroid.