Table 1.
Current Versions of High-Fidelity CBEs
 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cytidine Deaminase |
Cas Nuclease |
PAM | Level of DNA Deamination | Level of RNA Deamination | Notes | Reference | ||||
| CBE Name | Type | Mutation | Type | Mutation | Editing Window | |||||
| BE1 | rAPOBEC1 | WT | SpCas9 | D10A/H840A | 4th–8th | NGG | unknown (maybe high) | unknown (maybe high) | no UGI | 10 |
| BE2 | WT | SpCas9 | D10A/H840A | 4th–8th | NGG | unknown (maybe high) | unknown (maybe high) | one UGI with 4 aa linker | 10 | |
| BE3 | WT | SpCas9 | D10A | 4th–8th | NGG | high | high | one UGI with 4 aa linker | 10,13,14 | |
| BE4 | WT | SpCas9 | D10A | 4th–8th | NGG | high | high | two UGI with 9 aa linker | 23 | |
| BE4max | WT | SpCas9 | D10A | 4th–8th | NGG | unknown (maybe high) | unknown (maybe high) | codon-opimization, bpNLS at both N and C termini | 24 | |
| AncBE4max | Anc689 | SpCas9 | D10A | 4th–8th | NGG | unknown (maybe high) | unknown (maybe high) | Anc689 from ancestral sequence reconstruction of rAPOBEC1 | 24 | |
| xCas9(3.7)-BE3 | WT | SpCas9 | D10A + 7 mutations (A262T/R324L/S409I/E480K/E543D/M694I/E1219V) | 4th–8th | NG/GAA/GAT | unknown (maybe high) | unknown (maybe high) | 29,36 | ||
| VQR-BE3 | WT | SpCas9 | D10A + D1135V/R1335Q/T1337R | 4th–8th | NGA | unknown (maybe high) | unknown (maybe high) | 12 | ||
| EQR-BE3 | WT | SpCas9 | D10A + D1135E/R1335Q/T1337R | 4th–8th | NGAG | unknown (maybe high) | unknown (maybe high) | 12 | ||
| VRER-BE3 | WT | SpCas9 | D10A + D1135V/G1218R/R1335E/T1337R | 4th–8th | NGCG | unknown (maybe high) | unknown (maybe high) | 12 | ||
| CBE-NG | WT | SpCas9 | D10A + 7 mutations (R1335V/L1111R/D1135V/G1218R/E1219F/A1322R/T1337R) | 4th–8th | NG | unknown (maybe high) | unknown (maybe high) | 36 | ||
| Spy-mac BE4max | WT | Spy-mac Cas9 | D10A | 4th–8th | NAA | unknown (maybe high) | unknown (maybe high) | 32 | ||
| Sa-BE3 | WT | SaCas9 | D10A | 3th–12th | NNGRRT | unknown (maybe high) | unknown (maybe high) | 12 | ||
| SaKKH-BE3 | WT | SaCas9 | D10A + E782K/N968K/R1015H | 3th–12th | NNNRRT | unknown (maybe high) | unknown (maybe high) | 12 | ||
| SauriBE4max | WT | SauriCas9 | D15A | 6th–9th | NNGG | unknown (maybe high) | unknown (maybe high) | 33 | ||
| dLbCpf1-BE | WT | LbCas12a | D832A | 8th–13th | TTTV | unknown (maybe high) | unknown (maybe high) | 34 | ||
| enAsCas12a-BE | WT | AsCas12a | D908A + E174R/S542R/K548R | 8th–13th | TTTV | unknown (maybe high) | unknown (maybe high) | 35 | ||
| ScCas9-BE3 | WT | ScCas9 | D10A | 4th–8th | NNG | unknown (maybe high) | unknown (maybe high) | 37 | ||
| YE1-BE3 or YE1-BE4 | W90Y/R126E | SpCas9 | D10A | 5th–6th | NGG | reduced | reduced | 12,16,38,39 | ||
| EE-BE3 | R126E/R132E | SpCas9 | D10A | 5th–6th | NGG | unknown (maybe low) | unknown | 12,38 | ||
| YE2-BE3 | W90Y/R132E | SpCas9 | D10A | 5th–6th | NGG | unknown (maybe low) | unknown | 12,38 | ||
| YEE-BE3 | W90Y/R126E/R132E | SpCas9 | D10A | 5th–6th | NGG | unknown (maybe low) | reduced | 12,38 | ||
| YFE-BE4max | W90Y/Y120F/R126E | SpCas9 | D10A | 4th–6th | NGG | unknown (maybe low) | unknown (maybe low) | 40 | ||
| dCpf1-BE-YE | W90Y/R126E | LbCas12a | D832A | 10th–12th | TTTV | unknown (maybe low) | unknown (maybe low) | 34 | ||
| CP1012-CBE | WT | SpCas9 | CP1012 | 4th–11th | NGG | unknown (maybe high) | unknown (maybe high) | 41 | ||
| CP1028-CBE | WT | SpCas9 | CP1028 | 4th–11th | NGG | unknown (maybe high) | unknown (maybe high) | 41 | ||
| HF-BE3 | WT | SpCas9 | D10A + (N497A/R661A/Q695A/Q926A) | 4th–8th | NGG | high | unknown (maybe high) | 14,42 | ||
| Sniper-BE3 | WT | SpCas9 | D10A + (F539S/M763I/K890N) | 4th–8th | NGG | unknown (maybe high) | unknown (maybe high) | 43 | ||
| SECURE-BE3 | R33A | SpCas9 | D10A | 5th–7th | NGG | unknown (maybe low) | reduced | 15,38 | ||
| SECURE-BE3 | R33A/K34A | SpCas9 | D10A | 5th–6th | NGG | unknown (maybe low) | reduced | 15,38 | ||
| BE3-R132E | R132E | SpCas9 | D10A | 4th–8th | NGG | reduced | reduced | 39 | ||
| BE3-(W90F+R126E) | W90F/R126E | SpCas9 | D10A | 4th–8th | NGG | reduced | reduced | 39 | ||
| A3A-BE3 | hAPOBEC3A | WT | SpCas9 | D10A | 4th–8th | NGG | high | high | 22,39 | |
| eA3A-BE3 | N57G | SpCas9 | D10A | 4th–8th | NGG | unknown | reduced | 18 | ||
| eA3A-HF1-BE3-2xUGI | N57G | SpCas9 | D10A + (N497A/R661A/Q695A/Q926A) | 4th–8th | NGG | unknown | unknown (maybe low) | 22 | ||
| eA3A-Hypa-BE3-2xUGI | N57G | SpCas9 | D10A + (N692A/M694A/Q695A/H698A) | 4th–8th | NGG | unknown | unknown (maybe low) | 22 | ||
| BE3(hA3A-Y130F) | Y130F | SpCas9 | D10A | 4th–8th | NGG | high | reduced | 16,39 | ||
| BE3(hA3A-R128A) | R128A | SpCas9 | D10A | 4th–8th | NGG | unknown | reduced | 16 | ||
| Target-AID | PmCDA1 | WT | SpCas9 | D10A | 2nd–4th | NGG | unknown | low | deaminase linked with C-terminal of Cas nuclease | 18,20 |
| nCDA1-BE3 | truncated | SpCas9 | D10A | 2nd–8th | NGG | unknown | unknown (maybe low) | 31 | ||
| Target-AID-NG | WT | SpCas9 | D10A + 7 mutations (R1335V/L1111R/D1135V/G1218R/E1219F/A1322R/T1337R) | 2nd–4th | NG | unknown | unknown (maybe low) | deaminase linked with C-terminal of Cas nuclease | 30 | |
| hAID-BE3 | hAID | WT | SpCas9 | D10A | 3rd–8th | NGG | unknown | low | 18,44 | |
| BE4-PpAPOBEC1 [R33A] | PpAPOBEC1 | R33A | SpCas9 | D10A | 6th–10th | NGG | low | low | 45 | |
| BE4-PpAPOBEC1 [H122A] | PpAPOBEC1 | H122A | SpCas9 | D10A | 4th–9th | NGG | low | low | 45 | |
| BE4-RrA3F | RrA3F | WT | SpCas9 | D10A | 2nd–12th | NGG | low | low | 45 | |
| BE4-AmAPOBEC1 | AmAPOBEC1 | WT | SpCas9 | D10A | 4th–12th | NGG | low | low | 45 | |
| BE4-SsAPOBEC3B | SsAPOBEC3B | WT | SpCas9 | D10A | 2nd–15th | NGG | low | low | 45 | |