Table 3.

Outcomes of the tuberculum sellae meningioma (TSM)—meta-regression based on age and male percentage. CI – confidence interval, NA – not available

Outcomes in TSM	Begg’s test (p-value)	Meta-regression on age slope (95% CI)	Meta-regression on age (p-value)	Meta-regression on sex slope (95% CI)	Meta-regression on sex (p-value)
Gross total resection (Simpson Grade 1 Or 2)
Expanded endonasal approach	0.32	0.003 (− 0.006–0.01)	0.51	− 0.5 (− 0.96–0.04)	0.33
Endoscope-assisted supraorbital keyhole approach	0.32	0.03 (− 0.01–0.06)	0.06	− 0.75 (− 1.75–0.26)	0.14
Microscopic transcranial approach	< 0.01	0.001 (− 0.005–0.007)	0.75	− 0.27 (− 0.53 - − 0.01)	0.04
Visual improvement
Expanded endonasal approach	0.67	− 0.005 (− 0.01–0.005)	0.36	− 0.38 (− 0.82–0.06)	0.09
Endoscope-assisted supraorbital keyhole approach	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Microsopic transcranial approach	0.35	− 0.005 (− 0.02–0.01)	0.57	0.11 (− 0.68–0.91)	0.78
Cerebrospinal fluid leak
Expanded endonasal approach	0.03	− 0.001 (− 0.008–0.008)	0.95	− 0.04 (− 0.47–0.39)	0.86
Endoscope-assisted supraorbital keyhole approach	0.21	− 0.001 (− 0.01–0.01)	0.83	− 0.08 (− 0.47–0.31)	0.7
Microscopic transcranial approach	< 0.01	0.001 (− 0.003–0.004)	0.75	0.07 (− 0.04–0.18)	0.23
Intra-operative arterial injury
Expanded endonasal approach	< 0.01	0.001 (− 0.004 to − 0.004)	0.88	− 0.02 (− 0.21–0.17)	0.84
Endoscope-assisted supraorbital keyhole approach	0.01	− 0.001 (− 0.008–0.008)	0.95	0.01 (− 0.33–0.35)	0.95
Microsopic transcranial approach	< 0.01	− 9.53 (− 0.002–0.002)	0.91	− 0.006 (− 0.07–0.06)	0.87
30-day mortality
Expanded endonasal approach	< 0.01	0.002 (− 0.003–0.006)	0.48	0.04 (− 0.18–0.26)	0.74
Endoscope-assisted supraorbital keyhole approach	< 0.01	0.001 (− 0.007–0.009)	0.87	− 0.02 (− 0.36–0.3)	0.87
Microsopic transcranial approach	< 0.01	0.001 (− 0.001–0.002)	0.57	− 0.001 (− 0.07–0.07)	0.99