Table 2.
Patents that use nanomaterials for production of nano-based personal protective equipment (PPE) against microorganisms (i.e., virus, bacteria and fungi)
| Nanomaterial | Purpose of application | References | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CeO2 micro- and nanoparticles | Protective topical treatments for skin protection or decontamination | [100] | |
| Electrospun polytetrafluoroethylene nanofibres | A filter capable of removing 99.999% of airborne particles with potential to be applied as respiratory protection | [101] | |
| Metal oxide nanoparticles (silver and copper) | Face masks with antimicrobial proprieties | [96] | |
| Nanofibres of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or nylon resin | Facemasks produced by nanofibres containing chlorhexidine gluconate or polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) as an antimicrobial | [102] | |
| Nanofibres of polypropylene | Facemasks produced by nanofibres containing a pathogen collector and antimicrobial disposed of in one or more layers | [87] | |
| Antiviral mask (polyamidoamine) | Face masks with antiviral proprieties | [103] | |
| Nanofibres | Equipment that can be used for facemask protection | [88] | |
| Metallic nanoparticles | System for reduction and prevention of virus transmission by coating surfaces | [89] | |
| Copper and iodine nanoparticles | Virus inactive cloths (potential application for production of shoe covers, gowns, masks, gloves and filters) | [98] | |
| Polyester containing copper nanoparticles | Production of medical products, packaging paperboard, and cardboard | [97] |
| Commercial products | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| PPE | Product name | Purpose of application | Company |
| Masks | Surgical Masks-ESpin Technologies | Use of nanofibres for particles removal | ESpin Technologies, Inc.-USA |
| Defenser Series-Respirator masks | The facemask has nanoparticles of silver and copper acting as a blend with antimicrobial activity | Nexera Medical-Canada | |
| The Guardian (valve)- reusable | The valve mask has nanoparticles of silver and copper acting as a blend with antimicrobial activity | Nexera Medical-Canada | |
| The Guardian masks- reusable | The valve mask has nanoparticles of silver and copper acting as a blend with antimicrobial activity | Nexera Medical-Canada | |
| MVX Nano Mask | A self-cleaning surgical mask containing titanium and silver zeolite nanoparticles | MVX Prime Ltd. | |
| Gloves | Everyday Protect Gloves L | A product containing silver nanoparticles and the active compounds thiabendazole and zinc pyrithione | Mapa Spontex- United Kingdom |
| PADYCARE® | Product coated with silver nanoparticles with antibacterial effect | TEXAMED® GmbH-Germany | |
| Chlorhexidine wash gloves | A product containing silver nanoparticles and 2% chlorhexidine; the antibacterial effects last many hours after use | GAMA HEALTHCARE LTD. | |