Table 1.
Basic characteristics of the included studies.
| Study ID | Type of disease | Number of RCTs (sample size) | Treatment group | Control group | Outcomes | Methodological quality evaluation tool |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liu [19] | CHF | 7 (403) | QQC (1.2 g, tid) + CT | CT or CT + placebo | ①②③④⑤⑥⑦ | Cochrane |
| Shang [20] | CHF | 13 (1154) | QQC (0.9–1.2 g, tid) + CT | CT | ②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨⑩ | Cochrane |
| Li [21] | CHF | 16 (1422) | QQC (NA) + CT | CT | ②③④⑤⑥⑧⑩ | Cochrane |
| Zhuang [22] | CHF | 57 (4351) | QQC (0.9–1.2 g, tid) + CT | CT | ②④⑤⑥⑦⑨⑪⑫⑬ | Cochrane |
| Liu [23] | CHF | 79 (7119) | QQC (NA) + CT | CT or CT + placebo | ①②③④⑤⑦⑨ | Cochrane |
| Li [24] | CHF | 22 (1988) | QQC (1.2 g, tid) + CT | CT or CT + placebo | ②③④⑤⑥⑦ | Cochrane |
| Jiang [25] | CHF | 17 (1965) | QQC (1.2 g, tid) + CT | CT | ①②④⑤⑦⑩ | Cochrane |
| Xu [26] | HFpEF | 10 (829) | QQC (NA) + CT | CT or CT + placebo | ①②④⑨⑮ | Jadad |
| Feng [27] | DHF | 18 (1404) | QQC (NA) + CT | CT | ②③⑦⑧⑨⑭⑮⑯ | Cochrane |
| Sun [28] | HF-ICM | 22 (1942) | QQC (NA) + CT | CT or CT + placebo | ②⑤⑥⑦⑧⑰⑱ | Jadad |
| Sun [29] | HF | 120 (10872) | QQC (NA) + CT | CT or CT + placebo | ①②⑤⑦⑨⑫⑬ | Cochrane |
| Wang [30] | CHF | 17 (1840) | QYDP (0.5 g, tid) + CT | CT | ①②④⑤⑦⑧⑫⑬ | Cochrane |
| Liu [31] | CHF | 18 (2244) | QYDP (0.5 g, tid) + CT | CT | ①②④⑤⑥⑦⑩⑪⑫ | Cochrane |
| Gao [32] | CHF | 13 (1541) | QYDP (0.5 g, tid) + CT | CT | ①⑦ | Jadad |
| Wang [33] | CHF | 22 (2426) | QYDP (0.5 g, tid) + CT | CT | ①②④⑤⑥⑧⑪ | Jadad |
| Shan [34] | CHF | 8 (788) | QYDP (NA) + CT | CT | ⑥⑪ | Jadad |
| Zhang [35] | CHF | 11 (931) | QYDP (NA) + CT | CT or CT + placebo | ①②④⑤⑦⑨⑭ | Cochrane |
| Chang [36] | CHF | 12 (877) | QYDP (0.5 g, tid) + CT | CT | ①②④⑤⑥⑦⑪ | Jadad |
| Qu [37] | HF-ICM | 10 (1070) | QYDP (0.5 g, tid) + CT | CT | ②④⑤⑦⑫ | Cochrane |
| Tian [38] | HF-CHD | 15 (1614) | QYDP (0.5 g, tid) + CT | CT | ②④⑤⑦⑧ | Jadad |
| An [39] | CHF | 22 (1750) | SBP (22.5–45 mg, tid) + CT | CT or CT + placebo | ②④⑤⑥⑦⑧ | Cochrane |
| Jin [40] | CHF | 31 (2596) | SBP (NA) + CT | CT | ②④⑤⑥⑧⑪ | Jadad |
| Dong [41] | CHF | 27 (2637) | SBP (22.5–67.5 mg, tid) + CT | CT or CT + placebo | ②④⑤⑧⑨⑩⑲ | Cochrane |
| Lin [42] | HF-ICM | 12 (1182) | SBP (NA)+CT + trimetazidine | CT + trimetazidine | ②⑤⑥⑧ | Cochrane |
| Chen [43] | HF | 11 (907) | WK (6 g, tid; 9 g, tid) + CT | CT | ④⑤⑦ | Cochrane |
| Liang [44] | HF + Arrhythmia | 5 (472) | WK (5 g, tid; 9 g, tid)+CT + amiodarone | CT + amiodarone | ⑤⑦⑧ | Cochrane |
| Liu [45] | CHF | 10 (1044) | TC (2–4#, tid) + CT | CT | ⑤⑥⑦⑧⑫⑬⑳ | Jadad |
| He [46] | HF-CHD | 17 (1752) | TC (2–4#, tid) + CT | CT | ⑤⑦⑧⑩ | Cochrane |
| Wang [47] | CHF | 9 (912) | CDDP (10#, tid) + CT | CT | ⑦⑧ | Cochrane |
| Lai [48] | CHF | 21 (1691) | CDDP (NA) + CT | CT | ②④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑪⑲㉑㉒ | Jadad |
| Wu [49] | CHF | 11 (1006) | ZC (NA) + CT | CT | ⑤⑦⑧⑨⑩ | Cochrane |
| Cao [50] | CHF | 14 (1204) | ZC (0.25∼1 g, tid; 0.5 g, bid) + CT | CT | ①④⑤⑦⑩⑭⑲ | Cochrane |
| Chen [51] | HF | 13 (1051) | ZC (0.25∼1g, tid) + CT | CT | ①⑤⑦ | Cochrane |
| Li [52] | CHF | 7 (483) | BQT (4#, tid) + CT | CT | ①③④⑤⑧⑨ | Cochrane |
| Mo [53] | CHF | 7 (573) | BQT (4#, tid) + CT | CT | ①③⑤⑦⑨㉓ | Cochrane |
| Chen [54] | CHF | 14 (1404) | YT (0.9–1.2 g, tid) + CT | CT | ②④⑤⑦⑧⑨㉔ | Jadad |
| Zhang [55] | CHF | 14 (1137) | XZK (0.3 g, bid; 0.6 g, qd; 0.6 g, bid; 0.6 g, tid) + CT | CT or CT + placebo | ④⑤⑥⑦⑧ | Cochrane |
| Cai [56] | CHF | 19 (2291) | YC (9#∼12#/day) + CT | CT | ②⑤⑥⑦ | Jadad |
① New York Heart Association (NYHA) cardiac function efficacy; ② 6-minute walk test (6-MWT); ③ Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) score; ④ brain natriuretic peptide (BNP); ⑤ left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF); ⑥ left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD); ⑦ adverse events; ⑧ clinical comprehensive efficacy; ⑨ N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP); ⑩ cardiac output (CO); ⑪ left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD); ⑫ hospitalization rate; ⑬ mortality; ⑭ TCM symptom efficacy; ⑮ the ratio of peak mitral valve blood flow velocity in early left ventricular diastole to peak mitral valve blood flow velocity in atrial systole (E/A); ⑯ the ratio of peak mitral valve blood flow velocity in early diastole to peak mitral valve annulus velocity in early diastole (E/E′); ⑰ left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV); ⑱ left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV); ⑲ stroke volume (SV); ⑳ E peak deceleration time (DT); ㉑ interventricular septal thickness at diastole (IVSd); ㉒ left ventricular posterior wall thickness at diastole (LVPWd); ㉓ Lee's Heart Failure Score; ㉔ hypersensitive C reaction protein (hs-CRP); HF: heart failure; CHF: chronic heart failure; HFpEF: heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; DHF: diastolic heart failure; HF-ICM: heart failure caused by ischemic cardiomyopathy; HF-CHD: heart failure caused by coronary heart disease; NA : Not available; QQC : Qili Qiangxin Capsules; QYDP : Qishen Yiqi Dripping Pills; SBP : Shexiang Baoxin Pills; WK : Wenxin Keli; TC : Tongxinluo Capsules; CDDP : Compound Danshen Dripping Pills; ZC : Zhenyuan Capsules; BQT : Buyi Qiangxin Tablets; YT : Yangxinshi Tablets; XZK : Xuezhikang; YC : Yixinshu Capsules; CT: conventional therapy; Cochrane: Cochrane Reviews' Handbook; Jadad: Jadad Rating Scale.