Table 3.
Patient characteristics and univariate analysis of factors influencing early and late mortality
| Total (n = 86) |
Early mortality—28 days | Late mortality—12 months | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survivors (n = 65) |
Non-survivors (n = 21) |
p-value | Survivors (n = 55) |
Non-survivors (n = 31) |
P-value | |||
| Demographics | Sex—malea | 58 (67.4%) | 44 (67.7%) | 14 (66.7%) | 0.931 | 34 (61.8%) | 24 (77.4%) | 0.138 |
| Age ≥ 60 y.oa | 35 (40.7%) | 22 (33.8%) | 13 (61.9%) | 0.023 | 17 (30.9%) | 18 (58.1%) | 0.014 | |
| Comorbidities | DM2a | 22 (25.6%) | 12 (18.5%) | 10 (47.6%) | 0.008 | 11 (20.0%) | 11 (35.5%) | 0.114 |
| AHa | 43 (50.0%) | 28 (43.1%) | 15 (71.4%) | 0.024 | 22 (40%) | 21 (67.7%) | 0.013 | |
| Dyslipidaemiaa | 35 (40.7%) | 21 (32.3%) | 14 (66.7%) | 0.005 | 17 (30.9%) | 18 (58.1%) | 0.014 | |
| Statin treatmenta | 30 (34.9%) | 19 (29.2%) | 11 (52.4%) | 0.053 | 15 (27.3%) | 15 (48.4%) | 0.049 | |
| Peripheral arterial diseasea | 21 (24.4%) | 13 (20.0%) | 8 (38.1%) | 0.093 | 9 (16.5%) | 12 (38.7%) | 0.021 | |
| COPDa | 13 (15.1%) | 8 (12.3%) | 5 (23.8%) | 0.201 | 8 (14.5%) | 5 (16.1%) | 0.844 | |
| Auto-Immune diseasea | 5 (4.8%) | 5 (7.7%) | 0 | 0.190 | 4 (7.3%) | 1 (3.2%) | 0.441 | |
| Smoking habitsa | 28 (32.6%) | 20 (30.8%) | 8 (38.1%) | 0.553 | 17 (30.9%) | 11 (35.5%) | 0.664 | |
| Coronary diseasea | 24 (27.9%) | 14 (21.5%) | 10 (47.6%) | 0.021 | 11 (20.0%) | 13 (41.9%) | 0.029 | |
| Haematological cancera | 2 (2.3%) | 2 (3.1%) | 0 | 0.416 | 1 (1.8%) | 1 (3.2%) | 0.678 | |
| HIVa | 12 (14.0%) | 8 (12.3%) | 4 (14.0%) | 0.438 | 7 (12.7%) | 5 (16.1%) | 0.749* | |
| Metastatic solid neoplasiaa | 8 (9.3%) | 4 (6.2%) | 4 (19.0%) | 0.095* | 2 (3.6%) | 6 (19.4%) | 0.023* | |
| Severity | APACHE scoreb | 20.5 (7.1) | 19.2 (7.1) | 24.7 (5.4) | 0.002 | 18.9 (7.3) | 23.4 (6.0) | 0.05 |
| SAPS2 Scoreb | 55.4 (20.0) | 52.9 (20.6) | 63.8 (16.5) | 0.049 | 51.85 (20.4) | 52.6 (17.9) | 0.03 | |
| SOFA scoreb | 9.5 (4.2) | 9.40 (0.55) | 9.84 (0.88) | 0.893 | 9.55 (0.63) | 9.41 (0.70) | 0.692 | |
| Cardiovascular dysfunctiona | 51 (59.3%) | 37 (56.9%) | 14 (66.7%) | 0.429 | 32 (58.2%) | 19 (61.3%) | 0.778 | |
| Respiratory dysfunctiona | 43 (50.0%) | 45 (69.2%) | 16 (76.2%) | 0.541 | 38 (69.1%) | 23 (74.2%) | 0.617 | |
| Renal dysfunctiona | 19 (22.1%) | 16 (24.6%) | 9 (42.9%) | 0.109 | 15 (27.3%) | 10 (32.3%) | 0.625 | |
| Neurological dysfunctiona | 46 (53.5%) | 35 (53.8%) | 13 (61.9%) | 0.518 | 31 (56.4%) | 17 (54.8%) | 0.891 | |
| Haematological dysfunction† | 24 (27.9%) | 41 (63.1%) | 10 (47.6%) | 0.210 | 37 (67.3%) | 14 (45.2%) | 0.045 | |
| Hepatic dysfunctiona | 23 (26.7%) | 15 (23.1%) | 6 (28.6%) | 0.610 | 14 (25.5%) | 7 (22.6%) | 0.766 | |
| Norepinephrine usea | 41 (47.6%) | 31 (47.5%) | 10 (47.6%) | 0.995 | 27 (49.1%) | 14 (45.1%) | 0.726 | |
| Norepinephrine doseb, d (mcg/kg/minute) | 0.447 (0.545) | 0.433 (0.601) | 0.489 (0.337) | 0.813 | 0.451 (0.639) | 0.438 (0.310) | 0.815 | |
| Sepsisa | 58 (67.4%) | 44 (67.7%) | 14 (66.7%) | 0.931 | 38 (69.1%) | 20 (64.5%) | 0.664 | |
| Shocka | 37 (43.0%) | 27 (41.5%) | 10 (47.6%) | 0.625 | 22 (40.0%) | 15 (48.4%) | 0.451 | |
| Septic shocka | 29 (33.7%) | 21 (32.3%) | 8 (38.1%) | 0.877 | 19 (34.5%) | 10 (32.3%) | 0.259 | |
| Non-septic shocka | 8 (9.3%) | 6 (9.2%) | 2 (9.5%) | 3 (5.5%) | 5 (16.1%) | |||
| Endothelial evaluation | ln(RHI)b | 0.580 (0.462) | 0.642 (0.389) | 0.388 (0.607) | 0.027 | 0.643 (0.365) | 0.469 (0.587) | 0.095 |
| ln(Endocan)b (pg/mL) | 7.11 (0.09) | 7.06 (0.10) | 7.35 (0.24) | 0.226 | 7.09 (0.12) | 7.16 (1.16) | 0.708 | |
| ln(Syndecan-1)b (pg/mL) | 8.57 (0.07) | 8.49 (0.07) | 8.88 (0.16) | 0.024 | 8.51 (0.09) | 8.69 (0.11) | 0.215 | |
| Ln(sE-selectin)b (pg/mL) | 10.66 (0.10) | 10.48 (0.11) | 10.55 (0.56) | 0.576 | 10.70 (0.12) | 10.60 (0.19) | 0.643 | |
AH Arterial hypertension, APACHEII acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, DM2 diabetes mellitus II, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, Ln natural logarithm, RHI REACTIVE HYPERAEMIA INDEX, SAPSII simplified acute physiology score II, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment
aCategorical variables presented as absolute frequencies (percentages on column)
bContinuous variables presented as mean (standard deviation); Means compared with students’ t-test, frequencies compared using chi-squared
cFisher test
dDenominator is 41 patients using vasopressor