Table 4. Receiver operating characteristic statistics for poor prognostic markers of COVID-19 fatalities (all-cause deaths).
COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; PPV, positive predictive value; NPV, negative predictive value; CRP, C-reactive protein; ICU, intensive care unit; AUC, area under the curve; CI, confidence interval; SE, standard error; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase.
| No. | Variable state | AUC | SE | 95% CI | Sensitivity | Specificity | PPV | NPV | P-value |
| 1 | D-dimer (mcg/ml) | ||||||||
| Admission (cut-off: 1.71) | 0.733 | 0.034 | 0.666–0.800 | 79.5% | 59.3% | 82.5% | 54.5% | <0.001 | |
| Discharge (cut-off: 1.89) | 0.803 | 0.037 | 0.730–0.875 | 86.2% | 62.7% | 86.7% | 61.7% | <0.001 | |
| 2 | CRP (mg/dl) | ||||||||
| Admission (cut-off: 108.30) | 0.701 | 0.032 | 0.639–0.763 | 75.5% | 56.7% | 82.7% | 45.7% | <0.001 | |
| Discharge (cut-off: 35.60) | 0.711 | 0.038 | 0.637–0.785 | 66.7% | 68.1% | 77.1% | 55.8% | <0.001 | |
| 3 | LDH (U/L) | ||||||||
| Admission (cut-off: 629.50) | 0.723 | 0.035 | 0.655–0.791 | 59.8% | 79.1% | 80.0% | 58.4% | <0.001 | |
| Discharge (cut-off: 611.00) | 0.875 | 0.030 | 0.817–0.934 | 81.0% | 84.8% | 86.7% | 78.5% | <0.001 | |
| 4 | Ferritin (ng/ml) | ||||||||
| Admission (cut-off: 1658.00) | 0.636 | 0.036 | 0.565–0.706 | 41.6% | 81.5% | 74.3% | 52.1% | <0.001 | |
| Discharge (cut-off: 909.00) | 0.714 | 0.045 | 0.625–0.803 | 74.6% | 62.2% | 77.3% | 58.7% | <0.001 | |
| 5 | Procalcitonin (ng/ml) | ||||||||
| Admission (cut-off: 0.12) | 0.769 | 0.038 | 0.695–0.842 | 85.5% | 58.8% | 83.3% | 62.8% | <0.001 | |
| Discharge (cut-off: 0.51) | 0.755 | 0.069 | 0.621–0.890 | 62.5% | 80.0% | 57.1% | 83.3% | 0.002 | |
| 6 | Troponin I (pg/ml) | ||||||||
| Admission (cut-off: 0.13) | 0.692 | 0.058 | 0.579–0.806 | 71.1% | 71.4% | 76.1% | 65.9% | 0.002 | |
| Discharge (cut-off: 0.31) | 0.708 | 0.139 | 0.436–0.980 | 91.7% | 62.5% | 83.3% | 78.6% | 0.123 | |
| 7 | Total leukocyte count (x109/L) | ||||||||
| Admission (cut-off: 9.31) | 0.709 | 0.029 | 0.652–0.767 | 72.1% | 58.9% | 84.2% | 41.0% | <0.001 | |
| Discharge (cut-off: 12.90) | 0.786 | 0.035 | 0.718–0.853 | 75.6% | 76.7% | 84.2% | 65.7% | <0.001 | |
| 8 | Neutrophil count (%) | ||||||||
| Admission (cut-off: 72.50) | 0.733 | 0.028 | 0.678–0.788 | 87.5% | 52.1% | 91.3% | 41.9% | <0.001 | |
| Discharge (cut-off: 76.50) | 0.765 | 0.032 | 0.703–0.827 | 79.1% | 63.9% | 83.6% | 56.7% | <0.001 | |
| 9 | Lymphocyte count (%) | ||||||||
| Admission (cut-off: 15.50) | 0.267 | 0.028 | 0.213–0.322 | 40.4% | 28.9% | 55.1% | 18.3% | <0.001 | |
| Discharge (cut-off: 14.50) | 0.251 | 0.033 | 0.187–0.315 | 36.0% | 29.2% | 43.3% | 23.3% | <0.001 | |
| 10 | Urea (mg/dl) | ||||||||
| Admission (cut-off: 33.27) | 0.726 | 0.030 | 0.668–0.784 | 76.7% | 62.3% | 87.0% | 44.9% | <0.001 | |
| Discharge (cut-off: 60.92) | 0.860 | 0.028 | 0.805–0.915 | 83.6% | 79.7% | 88.7% | 71.8% | <0.001 | |
| 11 | Creatinine (mg/dl) | ||||||||
| Admission (cut-off: 1.11) | 0.719 | 0.029 | 0.662–0.777 | 68.3% | 70.5% | 84.7% | 48.3% | <0.001 | |
| Discharge (cut-off: 1.35) | 0.827 | 0.031 | 0.766–0.888 | 78.1% | 82.2% | 85.8% | 73.1% | <0.001 | |
| 12 | Sodium (mEq/L) | ||||||||
| Admission (cut-off: 143.50) | 0.478 | 0.037 | 0.407–0.550 | 21.2% | 91.8% | 74.1% | 51.2% | 0.522 | |
| Discharge (cut-off: 145.50) | 0.791 | 0.036 | 0.720–0.862 | 60.3% | 93.2% | 79.0% | 84.6% | <0.001 | |