Table 2.
Comparison of selected characteristics of overall knowledge workers with alternate work location subgroups (US knowledge workers on a workday 2003–2017).
Source: American Time Use Survey 2003–2017
| Overall knowledge workers | Alternate work location subgroups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home only workers | Workplace and home only workers | Other type(s) of location workers | ||
| Female | 53% | 53% | 46%*** | 46%*** |
| Age in years | 41.5 | 44.5*** | 42.7*** | 42.0 |
| Has col. degree or higher | 52% | 64%*** | 73%*** | 60%*** |
| Has fam. income > $100 K | 30% | 37%*** | 40%*** | 31% |
| Occupation: | ||||
| Management | 19% | 23%*** | 24%*** | 25%*** |
| Computer and math. science | 5% | 8%*** | 7%*** | 30%*** |
| Education, training, and library | 10% | 14%*** | 19%*** | 11% |
| Arts, design, ent., sports | 3% | 7%*** | 5%*** | 6%*** |
| Sales and related | 16% | 15% | 13%*** | 18%*** |
| Office and admin. | 20% | 10%*** | 8%*** | 14%*** |
| Minutes of working | 488 | 326 | 555 | 458 |
| Minutes of work travel | 42.6 | 2.4*** | 45.3*** | 70.9*** |
| Minutes of maintenance travel | 30.3 | 39.6*** | 26.5*** | 43.6*** |
| Minutes of discretionary travel | 9.2 | 11.8*** | 7.1*** | 12.1*** |
| Participation in peak travel | ||||
| None | 12% | 45%*** | 8%*** | 12% |
| Morning only | 12% | 9%*** | 13%* | 12% |
| Evening only | 14% | 31%*** | 13% | 23%*** |
| Both morning and evening | 62% | 14%*** | 66%*** | 54%*** |
Stars indicate significance of Chi2 or Wilcoxon rank sum test for subgroup in comparison to overall: *p < 0.10; **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.01