Table 2.
Association between monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and kynurenine metabolites and cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
| Biomarkers | N | MCP-1 | p value | MCP-1 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | ||||
| Reg. coef. (95% CI) | Reg. coef. (95% CI) | ||||
| Tryptophan (TRP) | 23 | 0.40 (0.14, 0.65) | 0.006 | 0.37 (0.16, 0.58) | 0.002* |
| Kynurenic acid (KYNA) | 23 | 0.48 (0.25, 0.70) | 0.001* | 0.45 (0.19, 0.71) | 0.002* |
| Quinolinic acid (QUIN) | 23 | 0.16 (− 0.15, 0.46) | 0.28 | 0.049 (− 0.29, 0.39) | 0.76 |
| Interleukin 6 (IL 6) | 23 | − 0.22 (− 0.42, − 0.017) | 0.036 | − 0.087 (− 0.37, 0.20) | 0.52 |
| Interleukin 8 (IL-8) | 23 | 0.022 (− 0.32, 0.36) | 0.89 | − 0.014 (− 0.36, 0.33) | 0.93 |
| Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) | 23 | − 0.12 (− 0.58, 0.34) | 0.58 | − 0.12 (− 0.49, 0.25) | 0.50 |
Results from the linear regression analysis of the mean values in all twins
Model 1: Adjusted for age and sex. Model 2: Adjusted for age, sex, diagnosis of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and smoking
All variables were standardized [mean = 0, standard deviation (SD) = 1]. Linear regression was applied with a cluster-robust sandwich estimator for the standard errors to account for the twin pair relationships. Results presented as the regression coefficient (Reg. coef.) with 95% confidence intervals (CI)
*Indicates that the p values are significant after Bonferroni correction (p value < 0.003)