Table 1.

Recent studies of BCI-based systems implemented in real-world scenarios.

Study	Main function	Stimulation modality	Electrodes	Subjects	Accuracy (%)	Bit rate
[25]	Speller	ERP: motion-onset-P300	Fz, Cz, Pz, Oz, P7, and P8	10 CS	N2-91.5, P3-72.4	N2-15.91, P3-12.84
[8]	Chinese speller	ERP: motion-onset-N2P3	F3, F4, C3, C4, P3, P4, O1, O2, Fz, Cz, and Pz	7 CS	80% using O1 only	27.8
[9]	Speller	ERP + SSVER RC paradigm	Cz, Pz, P3, P4, O1, O2, POz, PO7, and PO8	14 CS	After 8 trials: >95	53.6
[26]	Robot control	ERP: motion-onset-N2P3	O1	12 CS	80% using O1 only	353.33 s for 26.33 comm.
[7]	Robot control	EOG + EEG: flash on eight direct	Fz, Cz, Pz, Oz, P7, P3, P4, and P8	13 CS	After 5 trials:>99.04	—
[21]	Speller	ERP + SSVER RC paradigm	Fz, Cz, Pz, P3, P4, PO7, PO8, POz, Oz, O1, and O2	13 CS	95.18 for hybrid	50.41 for hybrid
[23]	Healthcare BCI syst.	ERP + SSVER RC paradigm	Cz, Pz, O1, O2, and Oz	5 CS	ERP: 95.5SSVER:93	—
[10]	Environmental control	ERP-P300RC paradigm	Fz, FCz, Cz, CPz, P7, P3, Pz, P4, P8, O1, Oz, and O2	6 MDS, 2 CS	89.6	734.3 s for 30 comm.
[22]	Use of social networks	ERP-P300 RC paradigm	Fz, Cz, Pz, P3, P4, PO7, PO8, and Oz	18 MDS, 10 CS	80.6 for MDS, 92.3 for CS	1.47 OCM for MDS, 2.06 for CS

RC paradigm: the row-col paradigm; “N” indicates the number of subjects; “CS” stands for control abled subjects; “N2” stands for N200 evoked potential; “P3” stands for P300 evoked potential.