Table 1.

Micro-level themes of the SQD model.

Theme	Manifestation in teacher training
Role model	Pedagogical meaningful use of technology is embedded in all kinds of activities, e.g., in lectures and seminars
Reflection	Reflection and discussion on the use of technology is an integral part
Instructional design	Students receive help in preparing lessons that include technology
Collaboration	Students have opportunities to work together with fellow students, supporting each other, and sharing experiences
Authentic experiences	Students receive opportunities to test themselves using technology in the classroom (in internships)
Feedback	Students receive feedback about their use of technology and about further improvements

Note. The SQD model as presented by Tondeur et al. (2012; 2016).