Table 1.
Associations between exposures and child mental health, according to the Deficit Approach, Protective Factors Approach, and Positive Outcome Approach.
| Deficit Approach: PR of poor-moderate vs. good mental health |
Protective Factors Approach: PR of poor-moderate vs. good mental health |
Positive Outcome Approach: PR of good vs. poor-moderate mental health |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Main analysis (Poisson) | PR | 95%CI | P-value | PR | 95%CI | P-value | PR | 95%CI | P-value |
| Child age | |||||||||
| 7–8 years | 1.18 | (1.00,1.38) | 0.04 | 1 | (ref) | 1 | (ref) | ||
| 9–13 years | 1 | (ref) | 0.85 | (0.72,0.99) | 0.04 | 1.08 | (1.00,1.17) | 0.04 | |
| Child gender | |||||||||
| Male | 1.21 | (1.03,1.42) | 0.02 | 1 | (ref) | 1 | (ref) | ||
| Female | 1 | (ref) | 0.82 | (0.70,0.97) | 0.02 | 1.10 | (1.02,1.19) | 0.02 | |
| Child general health | |||||||||
| Excellent or very good | 1 | (ref) | 0.7 | (0.58,0.83) | <0.01 | 1.23 | (1.09,1.39) | <0.01 | |
| Good, fair, or poor | 1.44 | (1.20,1.71) | <0.01 | 1 | (ref) | 1 | (ref) | ||
| Caregiver mental health | |||||||||
| Good | 1 | (ref) | 0.46 | (0.40,0.54) | <0.01 | 1.65 | (1.45,1.88) | <0.01 | |
| Poor | 2.16 | (1.86,2.51) | <0.01 | 1 | (ref) | 1 | (ref) | ||
| Caregiver employment | |||||||||
| Employed | 1 | (ref) | 0.78 | (0.66,0.92) | <0.01 | 1.13 | (1.04,1.22) | <0.01 | |
| Not employed | 1.29 | (1.09,1.52) | <0.01 | 1 | (ref) | 1 | (ref) | ||
| Worries about money | |||||||||
| No worries | 1 | (ref) | 0.69 | (0.59,0.81) | <0.01 | 1.22 | (1.11,1.34) | <0.01 | |
| Yes worries | 1.45 | (1.23,1.69) | <0.01 | 1 | (ref) | 1 | (ref) | ||
| Housing problems | |||||||||
| No problems | 1 | (ref) | 0.83 | (0.70,0.98) | 0.02 | 1.10 | (1.01,1.20) | 0.03 | |
| Yes problems | 1.21 | (1.03,1.42) | 0.02 | 1 | (ref) | 1 | (ref) | ||
| Negative major life events | |||||||||
| 0-1 events | 1 | (ref) | 0.76 | (0.64,0.89) | <0.01 | 1.14 | (1.06,1.23) | <0.01 | |
| 2-9 events | 1.32 | (1.12,1.56) | <0.01 | 1 | (ref) | 1 | (ref) | ||
| Family cohesion | |||||||||
| Always or most times | 1 | (ref) | 0.65 | (0.52,0.81) | <0.01 | 1.33 | (1.10,1.62) | <0.01 | |
| Sometimes, or not really | 1.55 | (1.24,1.93) | <0.01 | 1 | (ref) | 1 | (ref) | ||
| Living on country | |||||||||
| Live on country | 1.18 | (0.99,1.40) | 0.07 | 1 | (ref) | 1 | (ref) | ||
| Do not live on country | 1 | (ref) | 0.85 | (0.72,1.01) | 0.07 | 1.09 | (0.99,1.19) | 0.07 | |
| Child speaks an Indigenous language | |||||||||
| Yes does speak | 1 | (ref) | 0.88 | (0.73,1.08) | 0.22 | 1.06 | (0.97,1.15) | 0.20 | |
| No does not speak | 1.13 | (0.93,1.38) | 0.22 | 1 | (ref) | 1 | (ref) | ||
| Child feels safe at school | |||||||||
| Yes | 1 | (ref) | 0.54 | (0.46,0.63) | <0.01 | 1.51 | (1.31,1.75) | <0.01 | |
| Sometimes or no | 1.87 | (1.59,2.20) | <0.01 | 1 | (ref) | 1 | (ref) | ||
| Child positive peer relationships | |||||||||
| Not bullied at school | 1 | (ref) | 0.52 | (0.44,0.61) | <0.01 | 1.47 | (1.31,1.64) | <0.01 | |
| Bullied at school | 1.92 | (1.65,2.25) | <0.01 | 1 | (ref) | 1 | (ref) | ||
| Caregiver trusts local school | |||||||||
| Strongly agree or agree | 1 | (ref) | 0.64 | (0.54,0.77) | <0.01 | 1.30 | (1.14,1.48) | <0.01 | |
| Neutral to disagree | 1.55 | (1.30,1.85) | <0.01 | 1 | (ref) | 1 | (ref) | ||
| Caregiver feels connected to community | |||||||||
| Yes connected | 1 | (ref) | 0.76 | (0.64,0.91) | <0.01 | 1.16 | (1.04,1.30) | 0.01 | |
| Sometimes or not connected | 1.31 | (1.09,1.57) | <0.01 | 1 | (ref) | 1 | (ref) | ||