Table 1.
Cephalometric measurements (8) abbreviations and definitions used in the study. Four linear and 4 angular measurements
| Cephalometric measurement |
Abbreviation | Definition | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
Mandibular plane angle (°) (Steiner) |
MP |
Angular measurement. Angle formed by the intersection of Mandibular plane (Go-Gn) and SN. Norm 32° ± 4° |
| 2 | Overbite (mm) | OB |
Linear measurement. Distance in millimeters between upper and lower incisal edges perpendicular to the occlusal plane. Norm 2 mm |
| 3 |
Lower incisor inclination (°) (Tweed) |
IMPA |
Angular measurement. Angle formed by the intersection of lower incisor (L1) and mandibular plane (Me-Go). Norm 90° ± 2.5° |
| 4 |
Upper incisor inclination (°) (Burstone) |
U1-PP |
Angular measurement. Angle formed by the intersection of upper incisor (U1) and palatine plane (ANS-PNS). Norm 112°–117° |
| 5 |
Upper Incisor Length (mm) |
U1L |
Linear measurement. Distance in millimeters between the upper incisor incisal edge and root apex. No norm |
| 6 | Upper incisor position 1 (mm) | CR-SN |
Linear measurement. Perpendicular distance in millimeters between the upper incisor center of resistance and SN. No norm |
| 7 | Upper incisor position 2 (mm) | IE-SN |
Linear measurement. Perpendicular distance in millimeters between the upper incisal edge and SN. No norm |
| 8 | Interincisal angle (°) | U1-L1 |
Angular measurement. Angle formed by the intersection of upper incisor (U1) and lower incisor (L1). Norm 130° |