Table 2. Association between morphologic CT Characteristics and PD-L1 expression status in patients with advanced LUAD.
| CT characteristics | PD-L1 expression | PD-L1 expression | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PD-L1 TPS <1% (n=81) | PD-L1 TPS ≥1% (n=46) | P value | PD-L1 TPS <50% (n=89) | PD-L1 TPS ≥50% (n=38) | P value | ||
| Size (cm), mean ± SD | 43.35±28.17 | 41.88±21.54 | 0.407 | 38.03±17.36 | 44.24±21.51 | 0.405 | |
| Lesion morphology, n (%) | 0.376 | 0.408 | |||||
| Nodule (<3 cm) | 31 (38.3) | 16 (34.8) | 34 (38.2) | 13 (34.2) | |||
| Mass (≥3 cm) | 35 (43.2) | 25 (54.3) | 39 (43.8) | 21 (55.3) | |||
| Inflammatory type | 15 (18.5) | 5 (10.9) | 16 (18.0) | 4 (10.5) | |||
| Location, n (%) | 0.324 | 0.093 | |||||
| RUL | 20 (24.7) | 19 (41.3) | 22 (24.7) | 17 (44.7) | |||
| RML | 12 (14.8) | 5 (10.9) | 12 (13.5) | 5 (13.2) | |||
| RLL | 15 (18.5) | 5 (10.9) | 17 (19.1) | 3 (7.9) | |||
| LUL | 23 (28.4) | 13 (28.3) | 25 (28.1) | 11 (28.9) | |||
| LLL | 11 (13.6) | 4 (8.7) | 13 (14.6) | 2 (5.3) | |||
| Axial location, n (%) | 0.322 | 0.502 | |||||
| Inner | 16 (19.8) | 13 (28.3) | 18 (20.2) | 11 (28.9) | |||
| Middle | 17 (21.0) | 12 (26.1) | 22 (24.7) | 7 (18.4) | |||
| Peripheral | 48 (59.3) | 21 (45.7) | 49 (55.1) | 20 (52.6) | |||
| Necrosis, n (%) | 0.683 | 0.702 | |||||
| 0–25% | 46 (56.8) | 22 (47.8) | 48 (53.9) | 20 (52.6) | |||
| 25–50% | 10 (12.3) | 9 (19.6) | 13 (14.6) | 6 (15.8) | |||
| 50–75% | 12 (14.8) | 7 (15.2) | 15 (16.9) | 4 (10.5) | |||
| 75–100% | 13 (16.0) | 8 (17.4) | 13 (14.6) | 8 (21.1) | |||
| Pleural tag, n (%) | 44 (54.3) | 23 (50.0) | 0.639 | 47 (52.8) | 20 (52.6) | 0.985 | |
| Air bronchogram, n (%) | 32 (39.5) | 13 (28.3) | 0.203 | 33 (37.1) | 12 (31.6) | 0.553 | |
| Calcification, n (%) | 19 (23.5) | 8 (17.4) | 0.422 | 19 (21.3) | 8 (21.1) | 0.970 | |
| Cavitation, n (%) | 17 (21.0) | 11 (23.9) | 0.702 | 18 (20.2) | 10 (26.3) | 0.448 | |
| Well defined, n (%) | 43 (53.1) | 27 (58.7) | 0.303 | 49 (55.1) | 21 (55.3) | 0.983 | |
| Lobulation, n (%) | 54 (66.7) | 35 (76.1) | 0.265 | 65 (73.0) | 24 (63.2) | 0.266 | |
| Spiculation, n (%) | 49 (60.5) | 34 (73.9) | 0.127 | 61 (68.5) | 22 (57.9) | 0.248 | |
| Vessel convergence, n (%) | 34 (42.0) | 22 (47.8) | 0.523 | 35 (39.3) | 21 (55.3) | 0.098 | |
| Vascular involvement, n (%) | 47 (58.0) | 17 (37.0) | 0.022* | 49 (55.1) | 15 (39.5) | 0.108 | |
| Metastasis, n (%) | |||||||
| Pleural | 20 (24.7) | 14 (30.4) | 0.482 | 22 (24.7) | 12 (31.6) | 0.424 | |
| Lung | 46 (56.8) | 13 (28.3) | 0.002* | 48 (53.9) | 11 (28.9) | 0.010* | |
| Bone | 22 (27.2) | 9 (19.6) | 0.338 | 24 (27.0) | 7 (18.4) | 0.305 | |
| Liver | 8 (9.9) | 2 (2.2) | 0.442 | 9 (10.1) | 1 (2.6) | 0.283 | |
| Adrenal | 7 (8.6) | 2 (2.2) | 0.585 | 7 (7.9) | 2 (5.3) | 0.884 | |
| Brain | 5 (6.2) | 4 (8.7) | 0.863 | 5 (5.6) | 4 (10.5) | 0.542 | |
| Pleural lesion, n (%) | 0.435 | 0.155 | |||||
| None | 31 (38.3) | 23 (50.0) | 33 (37.1) | 21 (55.3) | |||
| Effusion | 17 (21.0) | 5 (10.9) | 19 (21.3) | 3 (7.9) | |||
| Metastasis | 12 (14.8) | 7 (15.2) | 13 (14.6) | 6 (15.8) | |||
| Both effusion and metastasis | 21 (25.9) | 11 (23.9) | 24 (27.0) | 8 (21.1) | |||
| Lung metastasis type, n (%) | 0.204 | 0.608 | |||||
| Nodular lesion | 23 (28.4) | 10 (21.7) | 25 (28.1) | 7 (18.4) | |||
| Lymphangitic | 9 (11.1) | 1 (2.2) | 10 (11.2) | 1 (2.6) | |||
| Both nodular and lymphangitic | 14 (17.3) | 2 (4.3) | 13 (14.6) | 3 (7.9) | |||
*, P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. CT, computed tomography; LUAD, lung adenocarcinomas; PD-L1 TPS, tumor proportion scores of PD-L1; RUL, right upper lobe, RML, right middle lobe; RLL, right lower lobe; LUL, left upper lobe; LLL, left lower lobe.