Table 1. Characteristics of pregnant individuals of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and non-GDM groups.
| Characteristics | GDM group (n=3,547) | Non-GDM group (n=15,513) |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 32.09±4.25* | 30.54±4.08 |
| Pre-pregnancy body mass index (kg/m2) | 21.31±2.58 | 20.83±2.66 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 116±12.3* | 110±11.5 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 72±11.2* | 67±9.6 |
| Family history of diabetes (%) | 16.2%* | 6.3% |
| Multiple pregnancies (%) | 4.3%* | 3.0% |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 122.26±3.2* | 120.17±4.0 |
| Serum ferritin (μg/L) | 86.7±51.2* | 67.2±47.4 |
| Fasting glycemia (mmol/L) | 4.89±0.49* | 4.43±0.29 |
| Glycemia one hour after glucose load (mmol/L) | 9.68±1.48* | 7.25±1.33 |
| Glycemia two hours after glucose load (mmol/L) | 8.46±1.29* | 6.40±1.01 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.04±0.38* | 4.82±0.44 |
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). *, P<0.05 between the GDM group and non-GDM group.