Table 1. Demographic, clinical, and operative data.
| Author, year | No. Patients | Age (years) | Male Sex |
Time onset-surgery (hrs) | Location (distal) | Size (mm) | Surgical approach | Operation | Suture techniques | Mortality (n) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scott et al., 1995 (9) | 1 | 77 | 1 | 12 | 1 | nr | LVATS | Primary repair | Interrupted single layer (polyglactin) | 0 |
| Landen et al., 2002 (10) | 3 | 48–74 | 3 | range 2–5 | 3 | 30 | Laparoscopy | Primary repair [1], Primary repair + posterior fundoplication [1], posterior fundoplication [1] | Interrupted and running single-layer (polyglactin 3-0/Monocryl 2-0) | 1 |
| Toelen et al., 2007 (11) | 1 | 40 | 1 | nr | 1 | nr | LVATS/laparoscopy | Primary repair | Interrupted single layer (polyglactin 0) | 0 |
| Ashrafi et al., 2007 (12) | 1 | 42 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 30 | LVATS/laparoscopy | Primary repair + omental patch | Interrupted two-layer | 0 |
| Vaidya et al., 2010 (13) | 1 | 45 | 1 | 200 | 1 | nr | LVATS/laparoscopy/esophagostomy | Mediastinal debridement + feeding jejunostomy + cervical esophagostomy | / | 0 |
| Havemann et al., 2010 (2) | 10 | 62 [45–70] | 11 | nr | 10 | nr | VATS | Debridement and chest irrigation | / | 2 |
| Cho et al., 2011 (14) | 7 | 52±8.8 | 7 | 43 [18–78] | 7 | nr | VATS | Primary repair | Interrupted single layer (polyglactin) | 0 |
| Kimberley et al., 2011 (15) | 1 | 35 | 0 | 24 | 1 | nr | Laparoscopy | Primary repair | Interrupted single layer (polyglactin) | 0 |
| Yeo et al., 2015 (16) | 2 | 35–70 | 0 | 12 | 2 | nr | Laparoscopy | Primary repair | Interrupted single layer (polyglactin 3.0) | 0 |
| Do et al., 2016 (17) | 1 | 55 | 0 | 240 | 1 | 25 | LVATS | Primary repair over T-Tube | Interrupted single layer (polyglactin) | 0 |
| Cayci et al., 2017 (18) | 1 | 59 | 0 | 20 | 1 | 30 | Laparoscopy/endoscopy | Debridment + Hanaro stent | / | 0 |
| Nakano et al., 2018 (19) | 6 | 57.5±4 | 6 | 8.5 (5–45) | 6 | 31±6 | LVATS | Primary repair | Interrupted single and two-layer (polyglactin) | 0 |
| Aref et al., 2019 (20) | 1 | 32 | 1 | 48 | 1 | 20 | LVATS/laparoscopy | Primary repair + omental patch | Interrupted single layer (polyglactin 2.0) | 0 |
| Hayakawa et al., 2019 (21) | 1 | 70 | 1 | 11 | 1 | 20 | Laparoscopy | Primary repair | Interrupted single layer (polyglactin 3.0) | 0 |
| Elliot et al., 2019 (22) | 10 | 62 (37–81) | 8 | 27±12 | 8 | nr | LVATS [8]; RVATS [2] | Primary repair [8]; Primary repair over T-tube [2] | EndoStitch - Interrupted single layer (2-0 polyglactin) | 1 |
| Present case | 1 | 49 | 1 | 14 | 1 | 15 | Laparoscopy | Primary repair | Interrupted single layer (polyglactin 3.0) | 0 |
Data are reported as numbers, mean ± standard deviation, and median (range). LVATS, left video-assisted thoracoscopy; RVATS, right video-assisted thoracoscopy; nr, not reported.