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. 2020 Aug 27;12(8):451–474. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v12.i8.451

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©The Author(s) 2020. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.

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Fasting metabolism and its impact on immune homeostasis and enhanced tolerance to infections[26-28]. The figure demonstrates the potential mechanisms associated with fasting metabolism on immune functions that ultimately prove beneficial for prevention of and combating infections. This could be hypothesized to have benefits in patients with early cirrhosis, especially in those who are obese, pending bench to bedside translational studies. Nonetheless, in advanced cirrhosis, on the contrary, nutritional management to improve immune functions, prevention of infections, and boosting tolerance to sepsis is of importance.