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editorial
. 2020 Sep 7;26(33):4889–4899. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i33.4889

Table 1.

Potential novel treatments

Treatment Biomarkers changed in desired direction Ref.
Fluprostenol iNOS, TNF-α, CD11c, IL-10, NF-kB, p65 [10]
Liu Shen Wan Anti-inflammatory, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, TLR4, NF-kB p65, p-IkBα [11]
Erdosteine Anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, IL-1β, COX-2, iNOS, P65, ADAMTS-5, MMP1, MMP3, MMP-13, MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin [12]
4-Octyl itaconate Anti-inflammatory, TGF-β/Smad, NF-kB, ROS, autophagy [13]
2 ,3-dihydro-5,6-dimethoxy-1H-inden-1-one ROS, LDH, MDA, TAC, anti-inflammatory [14]
Neutrophilic granule protein TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-kB, IL-10, anti-inflammatory [15]
Dioscorea zingiberensis BTB integrity, ZO-1, MDA, 8-OHdG, Nrf2, NOQ1, HO-1 [16]
FCPR16 TNF-α, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, NF-kB p65, iNOS, ROS, JNK [17]
7,8-dihydroxyflavone GSH, nitrite, MDA, NF-kB, iNOS, caspase-3, Nrf2, HO-1, BDNF [18]
X-inactive specific transcript Anti-inflammatory, NF-kB, IL-6 [19]
3-[3-pyridinyl]-1-[4-pyridinyl]-2-propen-1-one M1, autophagy, NF-kB, TNF-α, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 [20]
NMDEA IL-1β, IL-6, p65, iNOS [21]
Cashew gum MPO, TER, anti-inflammatory, barrier function [22]
Ampelopsin ROS, NOX2, NOX4, FN, Col IV, Nrf2, HO-1, NQO-1 [23]
Esculentoside A IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, MMP -2, -3, -13, NF-kB, MAPK [24]
Phyllanthus emblica Antioxidant, GSH, SOD, MDA, inflammation [25]
Anoectochilus roxburghii Oxidative stress, SOD, GSH-PX, MDA, GPx-1, GPx-4 [26]
Ivacaftor; Tezacaftor IL-18, IL-1β, TNF, Caspase-1, IL-10, Anti-inflammatory [27]
Floccularia luteovirens SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, MDA, ROS, oxidative stress [28]
Ishige okamurae; DPHC ROS, elastase, MMPs, NF-kB, AP-1, MAPKs [29]
Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) walp.; Bay leaf CRP, MPO, anti-inflammatory [30]
Empagliflozin LDH, total leucocytic count, IL-6, TNF-α, TLR4, TGF-β1, oxidative stress, Nrf2/HO-1 [31]
Isorhynchophylline Antioxidant, TGF-β1, CTGF, 4-HNE, MDA, Nrf2, MAPK [32]
Neoagarooligosaccharide Nrf2, GSH, glutathione, ROS, inflammation, antioxidant [33]
COMP-4; Muira puama NO, antioxidative, apoptosis, HO-1, MPO, GSH/GSSG ratio [34]
Quzhou fructus aurantii Anti-inflammatory, MAPK, NF-kB, TNF, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10 [35]
Cerevisterol MAPK, NF-kB, AP-1, Nrf2, HO-1, anti-inflammatory [36]
Maslinic acid HO-1, COX-2/PGE2, STAT-1, Nrf2, IL-1, iNOS, NF-kB [37]
Scrophularia koraiensis nakai; Scrophulariaceae Ig-E, anti-inflammatory, NF-kB, Nrf-2, HO-1 [38]
Grateloupia lithophila Blood glucose, TC, TGs, LDL, VLDL, HDL, SOD, GPx, MDA [39]
Acetyl-l-carnitine LDL, HDL, SOD, GSH-Px MDA, TNF-α, IL-1SS, iNOS, CRP [40]
Methylseleninic acid GPx, Nrf2, Socs3, p-JAK1, p-STAT3, NF-kB [41]
Omentin-1 Pro-inflammatory cytokines, NF-kB, Nrf2 [42]
Dowijigi NO, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, COX2, iNOS, NF-kB [43]
AAL NO, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, NF-kB [44]
AXT and HupA Oxidative stress, LDH, ROS, SOD, MDA [45]
Continentalic acid (CNT) GSH, GST, catalase, SOD, MDA, POD, MPO, NO, Nrf2, iNOS [46]
7-Methoxyflavanone (7MF) IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, iNOS, ICAM-1, MCP-1, TLR4, MyD88, p-JNK, p-ERK, Nrf2, NQO-1, Iba1 [47]
Biseokeaniamide A NO, iNOS, IL-1β, IkBα [48]
Strigolactone GR24 NF-kB, Nrf2, PPARγ, occludin [49]
Timosaponin BII MDA, GSH, PS, NLRP3, IL-1β, oxidative stress [50]
Cycloastragenol (Y006) BAX, COX2, GSK3β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-10, IL-4 [51]
Ocellatin-K1(1-16); Ocellatin-K1(1-21) Nitrite, MDA, SOD, GSH, ROS, NF-kB, oxidative stress [52]
Leocarpinolide B (LB) NO, PGE2, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, COX-2, iNOS, NF-kB, ROS, HO-1, Nrf2 [53]
Enteromorpha powder GSH-Px, MDA, lipid peroxidation [54]
Aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA) ATP, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β [55]
Gastrodin ROS, 8-OHDG, MDA, GSH-Px, SOD, Nrf2, HO-1, Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3 [56]
Cinnamtannin D1 (CTD-1) IL-17, IL-6, IL-1β, TGF-β, IL-10, Th17, Treg, STAT5/Foxp3 [57]
ent-Kaur-15-en-17-al-18-oic acid ROS, MDA, GSH, SOD, NF-kB, bcl-2, p53, Bax, caspase-3 [58]
Hederacoside-C (HDC) IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, TLR2, TLR4, MAPKs, NF-kB [59]
PS-1145 dihydrochloride IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-kB, COX-2 [60]
Cytokine-induced apoptosis inhibitor 1 (CIAPIN1) ROS, MAPKs, NF-kB, Bax, caspase-3, COX-2, iNOS, IL-6, TNF-α [61]
Ruscogenin CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, ICAM-1, NF-kB, NOS-1 [62]
Phascolosoma esculenta IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, MDA, Nrf2, inflammation, oxidation [63]
ALA/SFC Anti-oxidation, RANKL, IL-6, Nrf2 [64]
Xanthoplanine Inflammatory cytokines, ROS, STAT5 [65]
Lixisenatide ROS, NADPH, NOX-1, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, MMP -2 -9, TLR4, NF-kB [66]
Germanium MPO, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, NF-kB p65, p38, ERK, JNK [67]
SDP Permeability, ZO-1, E-cadherin, NFkB, Il-6, hydrogen peroxide, IL-10 [68]
Amomum tsaoko IL-6, VEGF, Nh-kB, P-STAT3 [69]
Alkaline water ROS, SOD-1, GSH, telomerase activity, telomeres length [70]
Dihydrotestosterone NO, PGE2, iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, TLR4, NF-kB [71]
Midazolam/Sufentanil TNF-α, IL-1β, HMGB1, NF-kB, ROS, SOD, inflammatory [72]
JNJ16259685 Permeability, VASP, p-VASP, occludin, AQP [73]