Table 2.

Recently identified potential inflammatory bowel disease treatments.

Treatment	Biomarkers changed in desired direction	Ref1	Ref2
Taraxasterol	ROS, MDA, Caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax, Nrf2, HO-1, NQO-1, GPx-3	[74]	[75]
Rhodiola rosea; Salidroside	IL-6, sIL-6R, IFN-gamma, IL-17A, IL-4, Th1 cells, Th17 cells, Treg cells, JAK1, JAK2, STAT3, RORgammat	[76-78]	[79]
VAS2870	Nox2, ROS, Epithelium barrier integrity, Cell viability	[80]	[81]
Pinitol	Oxidative stress, ROS, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, NO, PGE2, iNOS, COX-2, IkappaBalpha, NF-kappaB, TREM2, Inflammation	[82]	[83]
TAK-242; Resatorvid	TLR4, Apoptosis, IL-1beta, Inflammation	[84]	[85]
Troxerutin	CK-mB, MDA, ROS, ATP	[86]	[87]
Vinpocetine	MAPK, NF-kB, MMP-9, AKT, ROS, Nrf2, HO-1, NQO-1, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha	[88]	[89]
Poria Cocos	ROS, MDA, SOD, LOX-1, Nrf2, HO-1, ERK, Oxidative stress	[90]	[91]
Carvacrol	Nrf2, ROS, MDA, SOD, Oxidative stress	[92]	[93]
Saururus Chinensis	NF-kB IL-6 IL-8	[94]	[95]