TABLE 3.
Factors Related to Psychological Correlates Associated With of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown
| DASS-21 |
IES |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depression OR (95% CI)a |
Anxiety OR (95% CI)a |
Stress OR (95% CI)a |
Intrusion OR (95% CI)a |
Avoidance OR (95% CI)a |
|
| Sociodemographic variables | |||||
| Age | 0.876 (0.800–0.960) | ||||
| Gender, reference: Male | |||||
| Female | 2.004 (1.559–2.575) | 3.320 (1.511–7.294) | 2.065 (1.507–2.830) | 1.683 (1.351–2.096) | |
| Marital status, reference: Separated/ Divorced/Widowed | |||||
| Never married | 0.665 (0.456–0.970) | ||||
| Married/Living as married | |||||
| Education, reference: Higher | |||||
| Primary | 2.204 (1.227–3.960) | ||||
| Secondary | 1.323 (1.031–1.697) | ||||
| Work status, reference: Unemployed | |||||
| Employed | |||||
| Self-employed | |||||
| Civil servant | 0.530 (0.293–0.957) | ||||
| Retired | 0.539 (0.311–0.934) | 0.352 (0.170–0.729) | |||
| Student/Homemaker | |||||
| Income (€/month), reference: No income | |||||
| 500–999 | |||||
| 1000–1499 | |||||
| 1500–1999 | 0.513 (0.293–0.900) | ||||
| More than 1999 | |||||
| Dependent children, reference: No | |||||
| One | 0.526 (0.338–0.820) | ||||
| Two | 0.342 (0.128–0.914) | ||||
| More than two | |||||
| Older adult dependents, reference: No | |||||
| One | |||||
| Two | 2.655 (1.206–5.849) | ||||
| More than two | |||||
| Able to enjoy free time, reference: No | |||||
| Yes | 0.268 (0.148–0.488) | 0.103 (0.047–0.227) | 0.101 (0.055–0.186) | 0.208 (0.114–0.377) | |
| Physical disease and COVID-19 variables | |||||
| Days with COVID-19 symptoms, reference: None | |||||
| Oneor two days | |||||
| Three to five | |||||
| Six to fourteen | |||||
| More than fourteen | 7.584 (1.398–41.146) | ||||
| Family/Friends infected with COVID-19, reference: No | |||||
| Yes | 1.631 (1.247–2.132) | ||||
| Psychological variables | |||||
| Mental disorder, reference: No lifetime | |||||
| Past mental disorder (PMD) | 1.810 (1.352–2.423) | 1.641 (1.080–2.493) | 1.374 (1.040–1.814) | ||
| Current mental disorder (CMD) | 3.132 (2.043–4.803) | 6.202 (3.005–12.799) | 4.743 (2.918–7.710) | 2.249 (1.381–3.662) | 1.755 (1.154–2.669) |
Notes: CI: Confidence interval; DASS-21: Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale; IES: Impact of Event Scale; OR: Odds ratio.
a
All entries were tested with Wald chi-square, degrees of freedom (df) = 1.