Table 2.

Adjusted odds ratios¹ (95% CI) of drinking alcohol more than used to since the COVID-19 pandemic began by the severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms.

	Depressive symptoms			Anxiety symptoms
	None (PHQ-9 score 0–4)	Mild (PHQ-9 score 5–9)	Moderate, moderately severe, or severe (PHQ-9 score ≥ 10)	None (GAD-7 score 0–4)	Mild(GAD-7 score 5–9)	Moderate or severe(GAD-7 score ≥ 10)
Whole sample2(N = 10,596)	Ref.	1.7 [1.6; 2.0]	2.5 [2.1; 2.9]	Ref.	1.2 [1.1;1.3]	1.5 [1.3;1.7]
Stratified by gender3
Female (N = 7907)	Ref.	1.7 [1.5; 2.0]	2.4 [2.1; 2.8]	Ref.	1.1 [0.9;1.3]	1.5 [1.3; 1.8]
Male (N = 2643)	Ref.	1.7 [1.3; 2.2]	2.8 [2.0; 3.9]	Ref.	1.3 [1.1;1.7]	1.4[1.1;2.0]
Stratified by age groups4
18–34 years (N = 1741)	Ref.	1.7 [1.2; 2.3]	2.4 [1.6; 3.4]	Ref.	0.8 [0.6; 1.1]	1.1 [0.8; 1.6]
35–49 years (N = 3283)	Ref.	1.5 [1.2;1.8]	2.0 [1.6; 2.6]	Ref.	1.3 [1.1;1.6]	1.6 [1.3; 2.2]
50–64 years (N = 3539)	Ref.	1.9 [1.6; 2.5]	3.0 [2.3;3.9]	Ref.	1.2 [0.9; 1.4]	1.6 [1.2; 2.1]
65 years and above (N = 2033)	Ref.	2.1 [1.4; 2.9]	3.3 [2.1; 5.2]	Ref.	1.3 [0.9; 1.9]	1.4 [0.8; 2.4]

¹Adjusted odds ratios [95% CI] were derived from multiple logistic regression models predicting drinking alcohol more than used to versus about the same/ less than used to.

²Model including both depressive and anxiety symptoms and adjusted for experiences of COVID-19 and restrictions, State, urban/rural, SEIFA quintile, gender, age group, living situation, born overseas, and job status; People who did not identify as female or male were excluded (n = 67).

³Models including both depressive and anxiety symptoms and adjusted for experiences of COVID-19 and restrictions, State, urban/rural, SEIFA quintile, age group, living situation, born overseas, and job status.

⁴Models including both depressive and anxiety symptoms and adjusted for experiences of COVID-19 and restrictions, State, urban/rural, SEIFA quintile, gender, living situation, born overseas, and job status; Ref: Reference group.