Table 2.

The target genes of the dysregulated miRNAs and key signaling pathways contributing to CRC development.

miRNAs	Targets	Signaling Pathways	Oncogenic roles	Reference
miR-10b	PIK3CA, TGF-β, SM α-actin; TWIST-1, E-cadherin; KLF4; HOXD10, RhoC	PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, TGF-s signaling pathway	Tumorigenesis and metastasis; proliferation; vascular invasion, tumor differentiation and metastasis	[104,105]
miR-638	SOX2, TSPAN1	Suppressing of TP53 function	EMT, invasion, migration, proliferation	[82,106]
miR-574-5p	Qki 6/7	Wnt/β-catenin pathway	Proliferation, tumorigenesis differentiation, angiogenesis	[107]
miR-21	TGFBR2, CTNNB1, PIK3CA, ZFHX3, BRAF, SFRP1, ITGb4, PDCD4,PTEN, TIAM1, TIPM3, SPRY2, RECK, and Sec23A	Activation of Wnt/s-catenin pathway; TGF-s signaling pathway	Tumor progression, proliferation, EMT, metastasis; invasion, inhibition of apoptosis induction of stemness	[[108], [109], [110], [111]]
miR-217	MAPK1, KRAS, Raf-1	EGFR signaling pathway	Tumor growth, apoptosis	[112]
miR-137	CTNNB1, WNT3a	Wnt/β-catenin pathway	Cell cycle progression	[113]
miR-19a	KRAS, VEGFA	EGFR signaling pathway	Proliferation, angiogenesis	[114]
miR-96	RECK, TP53INP1, FOXO1, and FOXO3a	Activation of Wnt signaling pathway	Cell cycle progression, decreased apoptosis	[113]
miR-504	TP53	Suppressing of TP53 function	CRC progression	[115]
miR-106a	PTEN, PI3K, and AKT; TGFBR2	PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway; TGF-s signaling pathway	Tumorigenesis, inhibition of cell apoptosis and autophagy; increased migration, invasion and metastasis	[116]
miR-182	ST6GALNAC2, PI3K/AKT	EGFRsignaling pathway	Proliferation, invasion	[117]
miR-222	PTEN	PTEN signaling	Radio resistance, metastatic activity	[118]
miR-384	KRAS, CDC42	EGFR signaling pathway	Invasion, migratiuon, metastasis	[119]
miR-150-5p	TP53	Deficiency of TP53 function	Promotion of proliferation, cell cycle progress, invasion/migration, reduction of cell apoptosis	[120]
miR-146a	NUMB	Wnt/β-catenin pathway	Progression, stemness	[121]
miR-26b	PTEN, WNT5A	Induction of EGFR signaling pathway	EMT, proliferation, and metastasis	[122]
miR-181a	SRC kinase signaling inhibitor 1 (SRCIN1); WIF-1, E-cadherin, β-catenin, and vimentin	Promotion of SRC/VEGF signaling pathway; wnt/β-catenin signaling	Angiogenesis; cell motility, invasion, tumor growth and liver metastasis	[123,124]
miR-125a-3p	FUT5-FUT6	EGFR signaling pathway	Proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis	[125]
miR-135b	TGFBR2	Inactivation of TGF-β signaling pathway	Progression, inhibiting of apoptosis	[126]
miR-92a	PTEN, SMAD2, SMAD4, and TGFBR2; KLF4; matrix metalloproteinase 2 and E-cadherin	PI3K/Akt pathway	Proliferation, EMT, invasion, venous invasion, and metastases, cell growth and migration.	[127,128]
miR-494	APC	wnt/β-catenin signaling	Proliferation, tumorigenesis	[129]
miR-224	SMAD4	Inactivation of TGF-β signaling pathway	Invasion, metastasis	[33]
miR-185	MYC, CCND1	Wnt/β-catenin pathway	Proliferation, progression	[130]