. 2020 Jul 17;9(17):6430–6451. doi: 10.1002/cam4.3128

Table 2.

Associations between risk factors and past year mammography use for all women aged 40‐74 years from 2016 NHIS

Variable	Unweighted prevalence (%)	Weighted prevalence (%)	Predictive margin* (95% CI)	Difference in predictive margin* (95% CI)	P value
*Demographic*
Age (y)
40 to 44	43.88	43.29	45.09 (39.92 to 50.27)
45 to 49	53.75	53.49	54.34 (49.54 to 59.14)	9.25 (2.71 to 15.78)	.006
50 to 54	58.38	57.85	57.31 (52.98 to 61.65)	12.22 (5.20 to 19.24)	.001
55 to 59	57.21	57.02	55.30 (50.76 to 59.85)	10.21 (2.98 to 17.44)	.006
60 to 64	59.38	57.82	57.50 (52.78 to 62.22)	12.41 (4.90 to 19.92)	.001
65 to 69	64.74	66.22	65.11 (60.66 to 69.57)	20.02 (12.93 to 27.10)	<.001
70 to 74	59.12	60.19	59.93 (54.31 to 65.56)	14.84 (6.48 to 23.19)	.001
Race
White only	55.41	54.50	53.90 (51.89 to 55.91)
AIAN only ^a	48.87	48.80	61.27 (41.81 to 80.74)	7.38 (−12.37 to 27.12)	.464
Asian only	55.95	51.04	50.19 (41.87 to 58.51)	−3.71 (−12.16 to 4.74)	.389
Black/AA ^b	61.54	61.57	64.07 (58.73 to 69.41)	10.17 (4.26 to 16.09)	.001
Other	48.78	51.34	53.98 (36.42 to 71.55)	0.09 (−17.7 to 17.87)	.992
Marital status
Married	57.43	55.19	54.30 (51.99 to 56.61)
Divorced or separated	54.76	55.06	57.55 (53.36 to 61.74)	3.25 (−1.67 to 8.17)	.195
Never married	52.22	51.55	53.74 (48.19 to 59.28)	−0.57 (−6.88 to 5.75)	.860
Widowed	55.36	58.17	57.53 (51.52 to 63.53)	3.23 (−3.13 to 9.58)	.319
Highest education ^c
Grade school or high school	47.73	44.35	48.32 (44.09 to 52.56)
College or above	58.92	58.28	57.07 (54.99 to 59.15)	8.75 (3.86 to 13.64)	<.001
Employment
Unemployed	54.59	53.41	54.59 (51.6 to 57.59)
Employed	57.08	56.20	55.38 (53.17 to 57.60)	0.79 (−2.95 to 4.53)	.678
Family income
$0‐$34,999	48.47	47.72	50.75 (46.55 to 54.95)
$35,000‐$74,999	54.13	50.85	51.08 (48.10 to 54.05)	0.33 (−4.46 to 5.12)	.893
$75,000‐$99,999	62.05	60.02	58.66 (53.43 to 63.90)	7.92 (0.76 to 15.07)	.030
$100,000 and over	64.34	62.02	60.07 (56.08 to 64.07)	9.33 (2.76 to 15.90)	.005
Number of children ^d
0	58.76	58.75	57.18 (54.68 to 59.67)
1 to 2	53.42	52.83	54.75 (51.01 to 58.5)	−2.42 (−7.28 to 2.43)	.327
3 or more	43.05	39.42	42.55 (34.88 to 50.21)	−14.63 (−23.13 to −6.13)	.001
Health insurance
No	56.20	33.27	40.22 (33.79 to 46.64)
Yes	55.96	56.87	56.26 (54.46 to 58.05)	16.04 (9.64 to 22.44)	<.001
Region ^e
Northeast	62.56	61.63	60.31 (55.55 to 65.07)
Midwest	56.23	54.89	55.17 (51.43 to 58.91)	−5.13 (−11.03 to 0.76)	.088
South	55.18	54.12	54.60 (51.46 to 57.74)	−5.71 (−11.39 to −0.02)	.049
West	52.69	51.63	51.76 (48.60 to 54.92)	−8.54 (−14.43 to −2.65)	.005
*Behavioral*
Smoking status ^f
Current	40.01	40.52	42.74 (38.31 to 47.17)
Former	59.27	58.97	56.88 (53.11 to 60.64)	14.13 (8.40 to 19.86)	<.001
Never	59.08	57.11	57.29 (54.92 to 59.66)	14.55 (9.35 to 19.75)	<.001
Drinking status ^g
No	52.22	51.45	53.55 (50.53 to 56.57)
Yes	58.18	57.11	55.94 (53.71 to 58.18)	2.39 (−1.39 to 6.17)	.215
*Health status*
BMI ^h
Normal or underweight	56.30	56.67	55.75 (52.81 to 58.70)
Overweight	55.81	54.29	53.32 (50.11 to 56.54)	−2.43 (−6.71 to 1.85)	.266
Obese I	57.68	53.87	55.28 (51.14 to 59.42)	−0.47 (−5.69 to 4.74)	.859
Obese II	56.80	58.14	59.98 (53.49 to 66.46)	4.22 (−2.97 to 11.42)	.249
Obese III	49.73	48.90	52.11 (45.37 to 58.84)	−3.65 (−11.17 to 3.88)	.342
Functional limitation ⁱ
No	56.58	56.16	56.45 (53.91 to 59.00)
Yes	55.43	53.83	53.55 (50.65 to 56.45)	−2.90 (−7.01 to 1.20)	.165
Asthma
Current	55.77	56.72	56.91 (51.94 to 61.87)
Former	57.46	55.26	53.9 (43.91 to 63.88)	−3.01 (−14.02 to 7.99)	.591
Never	55.96	54.80	54.87 (52.84 to 56.9)	−2.03 (−7.64 to 3.57)	.476
Arthritis
No	54.00	53.72	53.75 (51.47 to 56.03)
Yes	59.47	57.67	57.65 (54.25 to 61.05)	3.90 (−0.41 to 8.22)	.076
Diabetes
No	57.95	55.74	55.59 (53.70 to 57.48)
Yes	29.74	51.19	52.12 (47.06 to 57.17)	−3.48 (−8.85 to 1.90)	.204

^{^a}

AIAN = American Indian or Alaskan Native only.

^{^b}

AA = African American.

^{^c}

Highest education in the family in NHIS.

^{^d}

Number of children in the home.

^{^e}

Region: Northeast (Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania); Midwest (Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, North Dakota, South Dakota, Kansas, and Nebraska); South (Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, West Virginia, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Texas); West (Washington, Oregon, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Arizona, Idaho, Utah, Colorado, Montana, Wyoming, Alaska, and Hawaii) in NHIS.

^{^f}

Smoking status: Current smoker (smoked at least 100 cigarettes in the entire life and is still smoking now); former smoker (smoked at least 100 cigarettes in the entire life but is not smoking now); never (not smoked at least 100 cigarettes in the entire life) in both NHIS and BRFSS.

^{^g}

Drinking status: Yes (had at least one of any alcoholic beverage during the past 30 d) in NHIS.

^{^h}

BMI = Body mass index, Normal or underweight (BMI ≤ 24.9 kg/m²); Overweight (BMI 25‐29.9 kg/m²); Obese I (BMI 30‐34.9 kg/m²); Obese II (BMI 35‐39.9 kg/m²); Obese III( BMI ≥ 40 kg/m²).

^ⁱ

Functional limitation: Yes (have difficulty walking 1/4 mile, climbing 10 steps, standing for 2 hours, sitting for 2 hours, stooping/bending/kneeling, reaching over head, grasping small objects, lifting/carrying 10lbs, pushing large objects, going out to events, participating in social activities, and relaxing at home without special equipment) in NHIS.

The predictive margins accounted for survey strata, cluster, and weight.