Table 4.
Associations between risk factors and past year mammography use among white and black women aged 40‐74 years from 2016 NHIS
| NHIS‐White | NHIS‐Black | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Predictive margin* (95% CI) | Difference in predictive margin* (95% CI) | P value | Predictive margin* (95% CI) |
Difference in predictive margin* (95% CI) |
P value |
| Demographic | ||||||
| Age (y) | ||||||
| 40 to 44 | 43.23 (37.35 to 49.11) | 53.00 (39.50 to 66.49) | ||||
| 45 to 49 | 53.32 (48.11 to 58.54) | 10.09 (2.69 to 17.50) | .008 | 60.89 (48.38 to 73.41) | 7.90 (−9.32 to 25.12) | .368 |
| 50 to 54 | 54.19 (49.36 to 59.01) | 10.96 (3.41 to 18.50) | .005 | 68.87 (57.97 to 79.77) | 15.87 (−1.07 to 32.82) | .066 |
| 55 to 59 | 52.81 (47.72 to 57.90) | 9.58 (1.24 to 17.91) | .024 | 67.22 (54.64 to 79.79) | 14.22 (−4.38 to 32.82) | .134 |
| 60 to 64 | 58.41 (53.04 to 63.78) | 15.18 (6.69 to 23.67) | <.001 | 58.09 (46.85 to 69.32) | 5.09 (−13.22 to 23.40) | .585 |
| 65 to 69 | 64.99 (60.46 to 69.52) | 21.76 (14.17 to 29.35) | <.002 | 61.67 (49.49 to 73.86) | 8.68 (−8.83 to 26.18) | .331 |
| 70 to 74 | 60.33 (54.12 to 66.53) | 17.09 (7.76 to 26.42) | <.003 | 63.57 (47.25 to 79.89) | 10.58 (−9.94 to 31.09) | .312 |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married | 52.37 (49.97 to 54.77) | 61.25 (53.55 to 68.96) | ||||
| Divorced or separated | 57.98 (53.58 to 62.37) | 5.60 (0.57 to 10.63) | .029 | 66.18 (57.67 to 74.68) | 4.92 (−6.42 to 16.27) | .394 |
| Never married | 52.26 (44.98 to 59.55) | −0.11 (−7.91 to 7.69) | .978 | 59.73 (50.03 to 69.43) | −1.52 (−13.32 to 10.27) | .800 |
| Widowed | 57.79 (51.66 to 63.91) | 5.41 (−0.77 to 11.60) | .086 | 53.46 (39.24 to 67.69) | −7.79 (−24.55 to 8.97) | .362 |
| Highest education a | ||||||
| Grade school or high school | 47.71 (43.02 to 52.40) | 45.89 (35.21 to 56.57) | ||||
| College or above | 55.56 (53.28 to 57.84) | 7.85 (2.56 to 13.14) | .004 | 66.18 (60.27 to 72.09) | 20.29 (9.45 to 31.13) | <.001 |
| Employment | ||||||
| Unemployed | 53.63 (50.35 to 56.91) | 61.37 (52.19 to 70.55) | ||||
| Employed | 53.83 (51.25 to 56.42) | 0.20 (−4.03 to 4.43) | .926 | 61.65 (55.17 to 68.13) | 0.29 (−10.40 to 10.97) | .958 |
| Family income | ||||||
| $0‐$34,999 | 45.89 (41.21 to 50.57) | 63.12 (54.26 to 71.97) | ||||
| $35,000‐$74,999 | 50.02 (46.69 to 53.35) | 4.13 (−1.36 to 9.62) | .140 | 60.26 (51.20 to 69.33) | −2.85 (−13.28 to 7.57) | .591 |
| $75,000‐$99,999 | 57.25 (51.52 to 62.98) | 11.36 (3.67 to 19.05) | .004 | 64.76 (48.42 to 81.11) | 1.65 (−17.24 to 20.53) | .864 |
| $100,000 and over | 61.16 (56.92 to 65.40) | 15.27 (8.20 to 22.34) | <.001 | 60.10 (50.34 to 69.86) | −3.02 (−16.77 to 10.74) | .667 |
| Number of children b | ||||||
| 0 | 55.92 (53.28 to 58.57) | 65.39 (58.46 to 72.32) | ||||
| 1 to 2 | 52.84 (48.35 to 57.33) | −3.09 (−8.68 to 2.51) | .279 | 62.69 (53.68 to 71.70) | −2.70 (−13.50 to 8.10) | .623 |
| 3 or more | 43.22 (34.59 to 51.86) | −12.7 (−22.16 to −3.24) | .009 | 32.60 (14.25 to 50.96) | −32.79 (−51.56 to −14.01) | .001 |
| Health insurance | ||||||
| No | 39.88 (32.69 to 47.07) | 44.42 (31.25 to 57.58) | ||||
| Yes | 54.87 (52.79 to 56.94) | 14.98 (7.63 to 22.34) | <.001 | 62.96 (57.24 to 68.68) | 18.54 (6.05 to 31.03) | .004 |
| Region c | ||||||
| Northeast | 60.85 (55.95 to 65.74) | 59.00 (47.63 to 70.38) | ||||
| Midwest | 54.68 (50.60 to 58.76) | −6.17 (−12.44 to 0.10) | .054 | 62.87 (50.41 to 75.33) | 3.87 (−12.49 to 20.23) | .642 |
| South | 52.92 (49.34 to 56.51) | −7.92 (−13.97 to −1.88) | .010 | 63.19 (57.15 to 69.23) | 4.19 (−7.02 to 15.40) | .463 |
| West | 48.88 (45.48 to 52.29) | −11.96 (−17.92 to −6.01) | <.001 | 59.71 (48.07 to 71.35) | 0.71 (−15.41 to 16.83) | .931 |
| Behavioral | ||||||
| Smoking status d | ||||||
| Current | 42.02 (37.19 to 46.85) | 48.90 (36.47 to 61.34) | ||||
| Former | 55.74 (51.90 to 59.59) | 13.72 (7.67 to 19.78) | <.001 | 63.18 (50.99 to 75.36) | 14.27 (−3.09 to 31.63) | .107 |
| Never | 55.80 (53.17 to 58.44) | 13.78 (8.19 to 19.37) | <.001 | 63.88 (57.57 to 70.19) | 14.98 (1.81 to 28.14) | .026 |
| Drinking status e | ||||||
| No | 52.04 (48.45 to 55.63) | 62.77 (54.69 to 70.85) | ||||
| Yes | 54.75 (52.25 to 57.24) | 2.71 (−1.74 to 7.16) | .233 | 60.80 (54.06 to 67.54) | −1.97 (−11.44 to 7.49) | .682 |
| Health status | ||||||
| BMI f | ||||||
| Normal or underweight | 54.87 (51.87 to 57.87) | 50.51 (39.50 to 61.52) | ||||
| Overweight | 52.19 (48.78 to 55.61) | −2.68 (−7.20 to 1.85) | .245 | 70.53 (62.35 to 78.72) | 20.03 (6.97 to 33.09) | .003 |
| Obese I | 54.25 (49.38 to 59.13) | −0.62 (−6.25 to 5.02) | .830 | 60.89 (52.30 to 69.48) | 10.39 (−3.21 to 23.98) | .134 |
| Obese II | 56.11 (48.92 to 63.29) | 1.24 (−6.54 to 9.01) | .755 | 70.37 (59.47 to 81.27) | 19.86 (4.62 to 35.10) | .011 |
| Obese III | 50.57 (43.52 to 57.62) | −4.30 (−12.05 to 3.44) | .276 | 65.96 (50.64 to 81.27) | 15.45 (−2.48 to 33.38) | .091 |
| Functional limitation g | ||||||
| No | 55.42 (52.61 to 58.23) | 62.65 (55.26 to 70.04) | ||||
| Yes | 51.95 (48.85 to 55.04) | −3.47 (−7.79 to 0.85) | .115 | 60.32 (52.16 to 68.48) | −2.33 (−13.00 to 8.33) | .668 |
| Asthma | ||||||
| Current | 53.99 (48.65 to 59.34) | 57.44 (41.41 to 73.48) | ||||
| Former | 57.71 (48.74 to 66.69) | 3.72 (−6.49 to 13.92) | .475 | 39.92 (16.67 to 63.17) | −17.53 (−44.76 to 9.70) | .207 |
| Never | 53.52 (51.21 to 55.83) | −0.47 (−6.50 to 5.55) | .877 | 63.14 (57.43 to 68.86) | 5.70 (−9.94 to 21.33) | .475 |
| Arthritis | ||||||
| No | 53.17 (50.76 to 55.58) | 61.08 (54.30 to 67.86) | ||||
| Yes | 54.90 (51.30 to 58.50) | 1.73 (−2.60 to 6.06) | .432 | 62.41 (54.20 to 70.63) | 1.33 (−8.41 to 11.07) | .789 |
| Diabetes | ||||||
| No | 53.79 (51.65 to 55.94) | 62.16 (56.25 to 68.06) | ||||
| Yes | 53.51 (47.88 to 59.14) | −0.28 (−6.31 to 5.75) | .927 | 58.11 (47.75 to 68.46) | −4.05 (−14.43 to 6.33) | .444 |
Highest education in the family in NHIS.
Number of children in the home.
Region: Northeast (Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania); Midwest (Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, North Dakota, South Dakota, Kansas, and Nebraska); South (Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, West Virginia, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Texas); West (Washington, Oregon, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Arizona, Idaho, Utah, Colorado, Montana, Wyoming, Alaska, and Hawaii) in NHIS.
Smoking status: Current smoker (smoked at least 100 cigarettes in the entire life and is still smoking now); former smoker (smoked at least 100 cigarettes in the entire life but is not smoking now); never (not smoked at least 100 cigarettes in the entire life) in both NHIS and BRFSS.
Drinking status: Yes (had at least one of any alcoholic beverage during the past 30 d) in NHIS;
BMI = Body mass index, Normal or underweight (BMI ≤ 24.9 kg/m2); Overweight (BMI 25‐29.9 kg/m2); Obese I (BMI 30‐34.9 kg/m2); Obese II (BMI 35‐39.9 kg/m2); Obese III (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2).
Functional limitation: Yes (have difficulty walking 1/4 mile, climbing 10 steps, standing for 2 hours, sitting for 2 hours, stooping/bending/kneeling, reaching over head, grasping small objects, lifting/carrying 10lbs, pushing large objects, going out to events, participating in social activities, and relaxing at home without special equipment) in NHIS.
The predictive margins accounted for survey strata, cluster, and weight.