Table 5.
Associations between risk factors and past year mammography use among white and black women aged 40‐74 years from 2016 BRFSS
| BRFSS‐White | BRFSS‐Black | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Predictive margin*(95% CI) | Difference in predictive margin* (95% CI) | P value | Predictive margin* (95% CI) | Difference in predictive margin* (95% CI) | P value |
| Demographic | ||||||
| Age (y) | ||||||
| 40 to 44 | 43.51 (41.40 to 45.63) | 48.12 (42.36 to 53.87) | ||||
| 45 to 49 | 53.86 (51.93 to 55.79) | 10.35 (7.70 to 12.99) | <.001 | 57.42 (52.33 to 62.52) | 9.31 (2.77 to 15.84) | .005 |
| 50 to 54 | 58.25 (56.69 to 59.82) | 14.74 (12.16 to 17.32) | <.001 | 65.26 (60.72 to 69.80) | 17.15 (10.59 to 23.7) | <.001 |
| 55 to 59 | 58.01 (56.47 to 59.55) | 14.50 (11.81 to 17.18) | <.001 | 60.39 (55.65 to 65.14) | 12.27 (5.29 to 19.26) | .001 |
| 60 to 64 | 58.97 (57.44 to 60.50) | 15.46 (12.69 to 18.22) | <.001 | 68.01 (63.29 to 72.74) | 19.9 (12.65 to 27.14) | <.001 |
| 65 to 69 | 61.57 (60.01 to 63.13) | 18.05 (15.22 to 20.89) | <.001 | 64.99 (59.61 to 70.37) | 16.87 (9.04 to 24.70) | <.001 |
| 70 to 74 | 60.92 (59.00 to 62.83) | 17.40 (14.32 to 20.49) | <.001 | 72.66 (65.60 to 79.71) | 24.54 (15.29 to 33.79) | <.001 |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married | 56.89 (56.05 to 57.73) | 61.05 (57.62 to 64.48) | ||||
| Divorced or separated | 54.47 (53.03 to 55.91) | −2.42 (−4.14 to −0.69) | .006 | 63.48 (59.90 to 67.06) | 2.44 (−2.14 to 7.01) | .297 |
| Never married | 54.80 (52.31 to 57.29) | −2.09 (−4.75 to 0.57) | .124 | 64.34 (60.53 to 68.15) | 3.30 (−1.36 to 7.95) | .165 |
| Widowed | 55.72 (53.80 to 57.64) | −1.17 (−3.29 to 0.95) | .278 | 59.47 (53.56 to 65.39) | −1.57 (−8.23 to 5.08) | .643 |
| Education a | ||||||
| Grade school or high school | 55.34 (54.14 to 56.53) | 62.70 (59.08 to 66.32) | ||||
| College or above | 56.57 (55.79 to 57.34) | 1.23 (−0.24 to 2.70) | .100 | 61.16 (58.29 to 64.03) | −1.54 (−5.41 to 2.34) | .437 |
| Employment | ||||||
| Employed | 55.49 (54.56 to 56.41) | 60.79 (57.52 to 64.06) | ||||
| Unemployed | 56.83 (55.80 to 57.87) | 1.35 (−0.14 to 2.84) | .076 | 62.87 (59.36 to 66.38) | 2.08 (−2.35 to 6.50) | .358 |
| Family income | ||||||
| $0‐$34,999 | 52.39 (51.08 to 53.70) | 56.17 (52.47 to 59.87) | ||||
| $35,000‐$74,999 | 55.14 (53.99 to 56.30) | 2.76 (0.98 to 4.53) | .002 | 61.59 (57.72 to 65.47) | 5.42 (0.73 to 10.12) | .024 |
| $75,000 or more | 60.69 (59.52 to 61.87) | 8.30 (6.31 to 10.3) | <.001 | 67.24 (62.84 to 71.65) | 11.07 (5.27 to 16.88) | <.001 |
| Number of children b | ||||||
| 0 | 56.99 (56.17 to 57.80) | 62.65 (59.72 to 65.57) | ||||
| 1 to 2 | 55.02 (53.53 to 56.50) | −1.97 (−3.79 to −0.15) | .034 | 60.52 (56.55 to 64.50) | −2.12 (−6.42 to 2.18) | .333 |
| 3 or more | 50.13 (46.87 to 53.38) | −6.86 (−10.32 to −3.40) | <.001 | 56.51 (48.24 to 64.77) | −6.14 (−14.72 to 2.44) | .161 |
| Health insurance | ||||||
| No | 36.48 (33.44 to 39.51) | 42.41 (35.85 to 48.97) | ||||
| Yes | 57.66 (56.99 to 58.32) | 21.18 (18.04 to 24.33) | <.001 | 63.33 (60.73 to 65.93) | 20.92 (14.56 to 27.27) | <.001 |
| Region c | ||||||
| Northeast | 58.14 (56.82 to 59.46) | 62.94 (58.71 to 67.17) | ||||
| Midwest | 56.79 (55.74 to 57.83) | −1.35 (−3.01 to 0.31) | .111 | 62.98 (59.07 to 66.89) | 0.04 (−5.34 to 5.41) | .989 |
| South | 56.76 (55.64 to 57.88) | −1.38 (−3.10 to 0.34) | .116 | 65.98 (63.20 to 68.76) | 3.04 (−1.52 to 7.60) | .192 |
| West | 52.79 (51.38 to 54.20) | −5.35 (−7.26 to −3.44) | <.001 | 51.80 (44.51 to 59.10) | −11.14 (−19.31 to −2.97) | .008 |
| Behavioral | ||||||
| Smoking status d | ||||||
| Current | 45.91 (44.32 to 47.51) | 56.09 (50.86 to 61.32) | ||||
| Former | 55.52 (54.36 to 56.69) | 9.61 (7.63 to 11.59) | <.001 | 61.22 (56.36 to 66.07) | 5.13 (−1.19 to 11.45) | .112 |
| Never | 59.16 (58.30 to 60.03) | 13.25 (11.38 to 15.12) | <.001 | 63.51 (60.78 to 66.24) | 7.42 (2.15 to 12.69) | .006 |
| Drinking status e | ||||||
| No | 55.10 (54.16 to 56.04) | 62.76 (59.80 to 65.73) | ||||
| Yes | 57.11 (56.21 to 58.02) | 2.01 (0.68 to 3.34) | .003 | 60.72 (57.35 to 64.10) | −2.04 (−5.82 to 1.74) | .290 |
| Health status | ||||||
| BMI f | ||||||
| Normal or underweight | 56.01 (54.95 to 57.07) | 59.30 (54.76 to 63.84) | ||||
| Overweight | 57.08 (55.98 to 58.18) | 1.07 (−0.40 to 2.54) | .154 | 62.83 (59.49 to 66.16) | 3.53 (−1.64 to 8.69) | .181 |
| Obese I | 56.26 (54.76 to 57.75) | 0.25 (−1.60 to 2.09) | .793 | 62.98 (58.91 to 67.06) | 3.68 (−1.92 to 9.28) | .197 |
| Obese II | 55.42 (53.31 to 57.52) | −0.59 (−2.99 to 1.81) | .629 | 63.63 (58.71 to 68.55) | 4.33 (−1.97 to 10.63) | .178 |
| Obese III | 52.45 (49.61 to 55.28) | −3.56 (−6.66 to −0.47) | .024 | 63.44 (58.31 to 68.57) | 4.14 (−2.27 to 10.56) | .206 |
| Activity limitation g | ||||||
| No | 57.02 (56.27 to 57.77) | 62.73 (59.99 to 65.47) | ||||
| Yes | 52.80 (51.27 to 54.34) | −4.21 (−6.02 to −2.41) | <.001 | 58.02 (53.47 to 62.58) | −4.70 (−9.42 to 0.01) | .051 |
| Asthma | ||||||
| Current | 56.63 (54.80 to 58.46) | 63.70 (58.82 to 68.59) | ||||
| Former | 54.84 (51.35 to 58.32) | −1.79 (−5.71 to 2.12) | .369 | 59.65 (51.32 to 67.98) | −4.06 (−13.41 to 5.30) | .395 |
| Never | 56.09 (55.40 to 56.78) | −0.54 (−2.51 to 1.42) | .587 | 61.54 (58.83 to 64.25) | −2.17 (−7.11 to 2.77) | .390 |
| Arthritis | ||||||
| No | 54.78 (53.94 to 55.63) | 59.67 (56.66 to 62.68) | ||||
| Yes | 58.26 (57.21 to 59.31) | 3.48 (2.09 to 4.87) | <.001 | 65.19 (61.65 to 68.73) | 5.52 (1.51 to 9.53) | .007 |
| Diabetes | ||||||
| No | 55.79 (55.10 to 56.48) | 61.93 (59.27 to 64.60) | ||||
| Yes | 57.56 (55.88 to 59.25) | 1.77 (−0.07 to 3.61) | .059 | 60.82 (56.57 to 65.07) | −1.11 (−5.23 to 3.01) | .598 |
Education level of individual participant in BRFSS.
Number of children in the home.
Region: Northeast (Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania); Midwest (Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, North Dakota, South Dakota, Kansas, and Nebraska); South (Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, West Virginia, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Texas); West (Washington, Oregon, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Arizona, Idaho, Utah, Colorado, Montana, Wyoming, Alaska, and Hawaii) in BRFSS.
Smoking status: Current smoker (smoked at least 100 cigarettes in the entire life and is still smoking now); former smoker (smoked at least 100 cigarettes in the entire life but is not smoking now); never (not smoked at least 100 cigarettes in the entire life) in BRFSS.
Drinking status: Yes (had 12 + drinks in lifetime and drinks in past year) in BRFSS;
BMI = Body mass index, Normal or underweight (BMI ≤ 24.9 kg/m2); Overweight (BMI 25‐29.9 kg/m2); Obese I (BMI 30‐34.9 kg/m2); Obese II (BMI 35‐39.9 kg/m2); Obese III ( BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2).
Activity limitation: Yes (have serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs, dressing or bathing, doing errands alone because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition) in BRFSS.
The predictive margins accounted for survey strata, cluster, and weight.