Table 1.
The impact of ketosis on selected cardiac and hepatic-metabolic biochemical biomarkers, setting 0 months as the KD introduction. S-LDH = Serum Lactate dehydrogenase. AST = Aspartate transaminase. ALT = alanine aminotransferase. CK = creatine kinase. CK-MB = creatine kinase myocardial band. ProBNP = Prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide. LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
| Months | -1 | -1 | -1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 9 | 12 | 15 | 17 | 25 | 28 | 33 | 36 | 39 | 42 | 47 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AGE | 11.3 | 11.3 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.6 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.8 | 12.0 | 12.2 | 12.4 | 12.6 | 12.9 | 13.5 | 13.7 | 14.2 | 14.4 | 14.6 | 14.9 | 15.4 |
| DATE | 3/6/2015 | 15/6/2015 | 22/6/2015 | 23/6/2015 | 22/7/2015 | 3/9/2015 | 8/10/2015 | 10/11/2015 | 11/12/2015 | 11/2/2016 | 6/4/2016 | 28/6/2016 | 29/9/2016 | 22/12/2016 | 26/7/2017 | 9/11/2017 | 18/4/2018 | 26/6/2018 | 25/9/2018 | 15/1/2019 | 21/6/2019 |
| Alkaline phosphatase (ukat/L) | 11.64 | ketonic diet | 6.19 | 4.58 | 5.02 | 5.76 | 6.11 | 6.51 | 6.51 | 5.17 | 5.48 | 5.91 | 5.25 | 6.95 | 6.15 | 5.59 | 6.34 | 3.97 | 6.14 | ||
| S-LDH (ukat/L) | 13.61 | 14.22 | ketonic diet | 8.73 | 5.36 | 5.62 | 5.41 | 4.54 | 5.18 | 4.99 | 4.49 | 4.11 | 3.91 | 4.92 | 4.09 | 4.66 | 4.73 | 5.53 | 5.77 | ||
| AST (ukat/L) | 4.97 | 4.74 | 6.78 | ketonic diet | 4.3 | 3.23 | 2.11 | 3.01 | 2.69 | 1.5 | 2.47 | 2.49 | 2.26 | 2.64 | 2.56 | 3.95 | 2.8 | 2.42 | 3.15 | 3.4 | 2.48 |
| ALT (ukat/L) | 5.44 | 4.15 | 6.6 | ketonic diet | 3.85 | 2.69 | 2.03 | 2.92 | 2.43 | 1.69 | 2.57 | 2.52 | 2.37 | 3 | 3.52 | 4.03 | 3.15 | 2.95 | 2.99 | 3.44 | 4.19 |
| GGT (ukat/L) | 0.97 | 0.77 | ketonic diet | 0.6 | 0.34 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.42 | 0.62 | 0.64 | 0.61 | 0.65 | 0.92 | 1.15 | 1.24 | 0.93 | 0.73 | 0.81 | 0.67 | 1.06 | |
| CK (ukat/L) | 53.10 | 65.70 | 64.70 | ketonic diet | 41.60 | 32.90 | 16.60 | 13.60 | 16.00 | 7.60 | 14.20 | 7.10 | 12.29 | 8.82 | 9.54 | 25.66 | 13.66 | 13.24 | 14.48 | 17.93 | 26.46 |
| CK-MB (ukat/L) | 2.17 | 2.50 | ketonic diet | 1.09 | 0.73 | 0.42 | 0.27 | 0.25 | 0.11 | 0.16 | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.20 | 0.35 | |
| Mioglobin (nmol/L) | 22.35 | 21.42 | ketonic diet | 10.51 | 9.91 | 6.87 | 8.39 | 4.21 | 4.62 | 4.76 | 4.29 | 2.97 | 5.18 | 5.44 | 6.25 | 7.87 | 5.77 | 6.80 | 8.31 | ||
| Triglicerid (mmol/L) | 2.6 | 4.1 | ketonic diet | 2 | 1.3 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 2.5 | 1.9 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 2.6 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 4.5 | |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 3.3 | 1.5 | 2.4 | ketonic diet | 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 2 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 1.9 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 4.2 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 4 | 5.1 | 4.6 |
| ProBNP (pmol/L) | 36.2 | ketonic diet | 10.0 | 13.4 | 12.9 | 14.0 | 10.0 | 4.3 | 5.6 | 6.3 | 3.1 | 6.9 | 11.0 | 7.7 | 2.9 | 5.8 | |||||
| β-hydroxy-butyrate (µmol/L) | ketonic diet | 2439 | 2043 | 1470 | 3033 | 1099 | 1155 | 1204 | 1305 | 212 | 1135 | 1190 | 616 |