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. 2020 Aug 25;11:1822. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01822

Figure 1.

Figure 1

DAMPs are up-regulated in placental chorionic villi but HMGB1 serum levels are decreased in HIV-infected mothers and CB. (A) mRNA expression levels of S100A8, S100A9, HMGB1, RAGE, TLR4, and TLR9 in decidua and chorionic villi from HIV-infected (gray bar, n = 7–10) and uninfected mothers (white bar, n = 5–10) was evaluated by RT qPCR. (B) HMGB1 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in decidua and villi from HIV-infected (gray bar, n = 5) and uninfected mothers (white bar, n = 3). (C) HMGB1 levels in serum from HIV-infected (gray bar, n = 5–8) and uninfected mothers/newborns pair (white bar, n = 6–7) evaluated by ELISA. The detection limit for HMGB1 was 2.5 ng/mL. Data represent median values. Mann-Whitney U or Wilcoxon signed-rank test: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.