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. 2020 Aug 25;11:1822. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01822

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Copyright © 2020 Pereira, Branco, Manfrere, de Lima, Yoshikawa, Milanez, Pereira, Sotto, Duarte and Sato.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Decreased serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in HIV-infected mothers and exposed newborns. Serum samples from HIV-infected mothers and cord blood (CB) (gray bar, n = 18–23) and control uninfected mothers and CB (white bar, n = 18–29) was assessed for presence of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 by cytometric bead array. Data represent median values. The detection limits were: IL-10 = 13.7 fg/mL; IL-6 = 68.4 fg/mL; IL-1β = 48.4 fg/mL. Mann-Whitney U or Wilcoxon signed-rank test: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.