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. 2020 Aug 25;11:1822. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01822

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Copyright © 2020 Pereira, Branco, Manfrere, de Lima, Yoshikawa, Milanez, Pereira, Sotto, Duarte and Sato.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Upregulation of type I and III IFN molecules in placental tissue of HIV-infected mothers. (A) mRNA expression levels of IRF3, IRF7, IFNα, and IFN-λ in decidua and placental chorionic villi from HIV-infected mothers (gray bar, n = 6–11) and UN mothers (white bar, n = 3–9) were evaluated by RT qPCR. (B) IFN-β and STING proteins levels were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in decidua and placental chorionic villi from HIV-infected mothers (gray bar, n = 7–8) and UN mothers (white bar, n = 5). Expression levels are represented as median. Mann-Whitney U or Wilcoxon signed-rank test: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.