TABLE 1.
Group descriptives.
| CE |
PE |
CE + PE |
PE + CE |
|||||||||
| Mean | SD | n | Mean | SD | n | Mean | SD | n | Mean | SD | n | |
| Age (years) | ||||||||||||
| Pretest | 71.0 | 3.0 | 21 | 70.3 | 3.0 | 27 | 70.3 | 3.1 | 24 | 70.3 | 2.7 | 25 |
| Sex (female/male, %) | ||||||||||||
| Pretest | 52/48 | − | 21 | 56/44 | − | 27 | 46/54 | − | 24 | 52/48 | − | 25 |
| Height (cm) | ||||||||||||
| Pretest | 173.5 | 9.4 | 20 | 171.8 | 9.1 | 25 | 171.7 | 6.5 | 22 | 169.3 | 9.8 | 25 |
| Weight (kg) | ||||||||||||
| Pretest | 76.3 | 12.9 | 21 | 77.5 | 12.6 | 27 | 76.2 | 11.7 | 24 | 71.9 | 14.4 | 25 |
| Posttest | 76.2 | 12.5 | 21 | 77.7 | 12.4 | 27 | 75.6 | 11.6 | 24 | 71.3 | 15.0 | 24 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||||||||
| Pretest | 25.7 | 3.5 | 20 | 26.2 | 3.2 | 25 | 26.0 | 2.6 | 22 | 25.0 | 3.9 | 25 |
| Posttest | 25.6 | 3.4 | 20 | 26.3 | 3.2 | 25 | 25.8 | 2.6 | 22 | 24.8 | 4.1 | 24 |
| VO2peak (mL kg–1 min–1) | ||||||||||||
| Pretest | 31.0 | 5.0 | 21 | 30.9 | 5.0 | 26 | 31.0 | 6.0 | 23 | 33.1 | 5.7 | 25 |
| Posttest | 30.7 | 5.3 | 21 | 30.4 | 4.7 | 25 | 31.8 | 5.2 | 21 | 32.7 | 5.9 | 23 |
| SED (%) | ||||||||||||
| Pretest | 56.6 | 10.4 | 20 | 55.3 | 9.0 | 27 | 56.2 | 8.4 | 23 | 55.8 | 6.4 | 25 |
| Posttest | 58.8 | 8.6 | 17 | 59.5 | 8.0 | 26 | 58.7 | 8.1 | 23 | 56.5 | 8.0 | 24 |
| MVPA (%) | ||||||||||||
| Pretest | 6.2 | 2.7 | 20 | 6.3 | 1.6 | 27 | 6.2 | 2.5 | 23 | 6.8 | 3.2 | 25 |
| Posttest | 5.6 | 2.2 | 17 | 6.3 | 2.5 | 26 | 6.3 | 2.4 | 23 | 7.1 | 2.9 | 24 |
Mean (mean) ± standard deviation (SD) of age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), sex expressed as % female/male, cardiorespiratory fitness measured using maximal treadmill test (VO2peak), time spent sedentary (SED) (%) and time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (%) for each of the investigated groups at pretest (pretest) and posttest, i.e., after a 12-week training period (posttest). CE, group received cognitive exercise only; PE, group received physical exercise only; CE + PE, group received cognitive followed by physical exercise; PE + CE, group received physical followed by cognitive exercise; n, number of participants.