Table 1. Ingredient (g/kg) and calculated chemical composition (g/kg as fed) of the experimental diets.
| Starter (1–14 d) |
Grower (15–28 d) |
Finisher (29–42 d) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ingredients | A | B | C | A | B | C | A | B | C |
| Maize | 542.5 | 567.7 | 591.7 | 575.7 | 596.9 | 617.9 | 606.8 | 622.2 | 637.0 |
| Soybean meal (427gr CP / kg) | 310.7 | 320.0 | 330.0 | 268.1 | 282.8 | 297.9 | 233.6 | 256.2 | 280.0 |
| Protein concentrate (580 gr CP / kg)1 | 73.2 | 51.1 | 28.7 | 74.8 | 50.0 | 25.0 | 69.2 | 40.0 | 10.0 |
| Vegetable fat2 | 40.3 | 26.5 | 13.5 | 50.2 | 37.4 | 24.9 | 60.0 | 49.2 | 38.7 |
| Limestone | 8.9 | 9.6 | 10.3 | 9.1 | 9.9 | 10.7 | 8.7 | 9.6 | 10.5 |
| Monocalcium phosphate | 13.6 | 13.8 | 14.1 | 12.5 | 12.8 | 13.0 | 11.9 | 12.2 | 12.5 |
| NaCl | 3.9 | 4.1 | 4.3 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 2.9 | 3.2 | 3.5 |
| L-lysine HCl3 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 1.1 |
| DL-methonine4 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.4 |
| L-threonine5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 |
| Vitamin premix6 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| Mineral premix7 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| Coccidiostat8 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Phytogenic (PFA)9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Calculated chemical composition / (determined chemical composition) | |||||||||
| AMEn, (MJ/kg diet) | 12.6 | 12.2 | 11.8 | 13.0 | 12.6 | 12.2 | 13.4 | 13.0 | 12.6 |
| Dry matter | 877.5 | 875.6 | 873.7 | 877.9 | 876.0 | 874.1 | 878.3 | 876.4 | 874.5 |
| (908.8) | (901.2) | (907.4) | (901.0) | (905.1) | (906.7) | (893.9) | (891.1) | (893.1) | |
| Crude protein | 220.0 | 213.4 | 206.8 | 205.0 | 198.9 | 192.7 | 190.0 | 184.3 | 178.6 |
| (215.2) | (209.6) | (202.3) | (201.2) | (196.1) | (189.0) | (187.9) | (182.0) | (175.8) | |
| Ether extract | 70.0 | 56.3 | 43.3 | 80.0 | 67.2 | 54.5 | 89.7 | 78.5 | 67.7 |
| (69.9) | (56.4) | (42.6) | (81.7) | (69.8) | (56.4) | (88.9) | (77.4) | (65.1) | |
| Crude fiber | 36.1 | 36.6 | 37.0 | 33.9 | 34.6 | 35.3 | 32.1 | 33.1 | 34.1 |
| Lysine | 13.0 | 12.6 | 12.2 | 11.7 | 11.4 | 11.0 | 10.9 | 10.6 | 10.3 |
| TSAA (methionine+cysteine) | 9.6 | 9.3 | 9.0 | 9.1 | 8.9 | 8.6 | 8.9 | 8.6 | 8.4 |
| Threonine | 8.8 | 8.5 | 8.1 | 8.2 | 7.9 | 7.5 | 7.6 | 7.4 | 7.1 |
| Calcium | 9.0 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 8.4 | 8.4 | 8.4 |
| Available phosphorus | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 |
| Sodium | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 |
Vegetable protein concentrate Nuevopro (Nuevo SA, Nea Artaki, Greece).
Vegetable hydrogenate palm oil stearine triglicerides (Norel SA, Spain).
L-Lysine HCl 99% feed grade (Ajinomoto Eurolysine S.A.S, Paris, France).
DL-Methionine 99% feed grade (DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Basel Switzerland).
L-Threonine 98.5% feed grade (Ajinomoto Eurolysine S.A.S, Paris, France).
The vitamin premix for starter and grower periods (Rovimix 11 Bro Basic, DSM, Netherlands) provided per kg of diet: 3.6 mg retinol (Vit. A), 100 µg cholecalciferol (Vit. D3), 80 mg Vit. E, 9 mg Menadione (Vit. K3), 3 mg Thiamine, 7 mg Riboflavin, 6 mg Pyridoxine, 25 µg Cyanocobalamin, 50 mg Nicotinic acid, 15 mg Pantothenic acid, 1.5 mg Folic acid, 150 µg Biotin. The vitamin premix for the finisher period (Rovimix 12 Bro Basic, DSM, Netherlands) provided per kg of diet: 3.6 mg retinol (Vit. A), 75 µg cholecalciferol (Vit. D3), 50 mg Vit. E, 7 mg Menadione (Vit. K3), 3 mg Thiamine, 6 mg Riboflavin, 6 mg Pyridoxine, 25 µg Cyanocobalamin, 40 mg Nicotinic acid, 12 mg Pantothenic acid, 1.2 mg Folic acid, 150 µg Biotin.
The mineral (Rovimix Bro M, Roche, DSM, Netherlands) provided per kg of diet: 400 mg choline chloride, 250 µg Co, 1.5 mg I, 300 µg Se, 50 mg Fe, 130 mg Mn, 20 mg Cu and 100 mg Zn.
Coccidiostat (Clinacox 0.5%) was added in the feed separately from the phytogenic feed additive (PFA).
The phytogenic feed additive (PFA) was added at 125 mg/kg in treatment APh, BPh and CPh, at the expense of maize.