Table 2.
Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population.
| Characteristics | Normal (n = 72) |
Ischemia (n = 51) |
Infarct (n = 58) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male gender | 25 (34.7%) | 30 (58.8%) | 40 (69.0%) | < 0.001 |
| Age (years) | 70.89 ± 10.45 | 71.20 ± 11.65 | 66.84 ± 12.36 | 0.074 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.29 ± 3.66 | 25.47 ± 3.97 | 25.63 ± 6.99 | 0.929 |
| HR (beats/min) | 71.97 ± 14.27 | 73.98 ± 12.36 | 72.72 ± 13.15 | 0.715 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 136.51 ± 21.17 | 136.65 ± 17.15 | 125.69 ± 20.02 | 0.003 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 75.32 ± 12.86 | 75.10 ± 11.30 | 74.16 ± 14.44 | 0.871 |
| Risk factor | ||||
| Smoking | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | – |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 35 (48.6%) | 31 (60.8%) | 30 (51.7%) | 0.399 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 27 (37.5%) | 28 (54.9%) | 28 (48.3%) | 0.146 |
| Hypertension | 60 (83.3%) | 40 (78.4%) | 43 (74.1%) | 0.438 |
| Family history of IHD | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | – |
| Medications | ||||
| Beta-blocker | 34 (47.2%) | 36 (70.6%) | 47 (81.0%) | < 0.001 |
| CCB | 26 (36.1%) | 19 (37.3%) | 7 (12.1%) | 0.003 |
| Nitrates | 5 (6.9%) | 16 (31.4%) | 8 (13.8%) | 0.001 |
| Aspirin | 28 (38.9%) | 45 (88.2%) | 52 (89.7%) | < 0.001 |
| ACEI | 7 (9.7%) | 4 (7.8%) | 17 (29.3%) | 0.002 |
| ARB | 21 (29.2%) | 12 (23.5%) | 38 (34.5%) | 0.455 |
| Statin | 40 (55.6%) | 41 (80.4%) | 48 (82.8%) | 0.001 |
| CMR data | ||||
| LVEF (%) | 74.19 ± 9.43 | 64.49 ± 14.32 | 48.95 ± 15.78 | < 0.001 |
| Left ventricular mass (g) | 78.37 ± 22.38 | 88.81 ± 22.15 | 101.43 ± 36.93 | < 0.001 |
| Cardiac output (L/min) | 5.9 ± 1.73 | 5.9 ± 1.33 | 5.69 ± 2.43 | 0.796 |
| Stroke volume (ml) | 82.18 ± 18.04 | 80.42 ± 15.76 | 78.89 ± 29.02 | 0.689 |
Data presented in mean ± standard deviation.
A p-value < 0.05 indicates statistical significance (italics).
BMI body mass index, HR heart rate, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, IHD ischemic heart disease, CCB calcium channel blocker, ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, CMR cardiac magnetic resonance, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction.