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. 2020 Sep 7;10:14737. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-70517-w

Table 2.

Factors Associated with MDR in bacteria Isolated in the pastoralists community of Kasese district.

Factors No (%) Presence of MDR
No (%)
Absence of MDR
No (%)
COR AOR 95% CI P value
Gender
Male 40 (42) 39 (97) 1 (3) 4.7 7.6 0.7862–74.2152 0.08
Female 55 (58) 49 (89) 6 (11)
Education level
No formal education 19 (20) 18 (95) 1 (5) 0.75 0.3038–1.8751 0.54
Primary 40 (42) 36 (90) 4 (10)
Secondary 30 (32) 30 (100) 0 (0)
Tertiary 6 (6) 4 (67) 2 (33)
Heard of AMR
Yes 23 (24) 19 (83) 4 (17) 4.8 5.1 0.9390–28.6662 0.06
No 72 (76) 69 (96) 3 (4.2)
Source of water
Borehole 29 (31) 25 (86) 4 (14) 1.6 1.0150–2.5062 0.04
Protected spring 3 (3) 26 (67) 1 (33)
Open well 1 (1) 1 (10) 0 (0)
Lake shore 62 (65) 60 (97) 2 (3.2)
A recent visit to a hospital
2 weeks ago 11 (12) 11 (100) 0 (0) 0.6 0.3491–1.36566 0.29
1 month ago 11 (12) 11 (100) 0 (0)
> 3 months ago 28 (30) 24 (86) 4 (14)
> 6 months ago 30 (32) 29 (97) 1 (3)
> 1 year ago 14 (15) 12 (86) 2 (14)
Health care level visited
HCII 33 (35) 33 (100) 0 (0) 0.8 0.5148–1.3943 0.51
HCIII 16 (17) 13 (81) 3 (19)
HCIV 1 (1) 1 (100) 0 (0)
Hospital 30 (32) 26 (87) 4 (13)
Private clinic 15 (16) 15 (100) 0 (0)
History of medical procedure
Yes 12 (13) 10 (83) 2 (17) 0.3 0.5 0.0073–29.7543 0.7
No 83 (87) 78 (94) 5 (6)
Chronic conditions
Yes 34 (36) 32 (94) 2 (6) 1.4 0.2619–7.7916 0.68
No 61 (64) 56 (92) 5 (8)
Over the counter access to antimicrobials
Yes 41 (43) 37 (90) 4 (10) 0.5 0.1148–2.5781 0.44
No 54 (57) 51 (94) 3 (0.1)
Internal devices
Yes 9 (9) 7 (78) 2 (22.2) 0.2 0.1 0.0020–7.3649 0.3
No 86 (91) 81 (94) 5 (5.8)
Frequency of antimicrobial use
Rarely 26 (27) 26 (100) 0 (0) 0.6 0.8 0.2985–2.2464 0.7
Frequently 60 (63) 56 (93) 4 (6.7)
Don’t know 9 (10) 6 (67) 3 (33.3)
MDR in cattle
Yes 76 (89) 74 (970 2 (2.6) 13 2.3276–75.0209 0.004
No 19 (11) 14 (74) 5 (26.3)