Table 1. Composition, analysed and calculated nutrient contents of the experimental diets.
| Ingredients (g/kg diet) |
Chicks and growers (week 1–7) |
Growers and pullets (week 8–16) |
Laying hens (week 17–41) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LA | AA | HA | LA | AA | HA | LA | AA | HA | |
| Barley | 200.0 | 200.0 | 200.0 | 300.0 | 300.0 | 300.0 | 240.2 | 240.2 | 240.2 |
| Wheat | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 150.0 | 150.0 | 150.0 | — | — | — |
| Triticale | — | — | — | 147.5 | 147.5 | 147.5 | — | — | — |
| Corn | 399.0 | 396.0 | 386.0 | 209.5 | 208.5 | 201.5 | 553.8 | 551.5 | 544.5 |
| Corn gluten meal | 150.0 | 150.0 | 150.0 | 80.0 | 80.0 | 80.0 | 68.8 | 68.8 | 68.8 |
| Lucerne pellets | 50.0 | 50.0 | 50.0 | 60.0 | 60.0 | 60.0 | — | — | — |
| Wheat bran | 39.8 | 39.8 | 39.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Soybean oil | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 |
| Calcium carbonate | — | — | — | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 85.2 | 85.2 | 85.2 |
| Calcium phosphate | 33.3 | 33.3 | 33. | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 16.3 | 16.3 | 16.3 |
| Premix1 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Premix2 | — | — | — | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | — | — | — |
| Premix3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 |
| L-lysine HCl | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 |
| L-arginine | — | 3.0 | 13.0 | — | 1.0 | 8.0 | — | 2.3 | 9.3 |
| Sodium chloride | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 |
| DL-methionine | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 |
| L-threonine | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| L-tryptophan | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 |
| L-valine | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 |
| L-isoleucine | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 |
| chemical composition, g/kg diet | |||||||||
| Dry matter4 | 897.6 | 893.0 | 896.6 | 888.4 | 891.4 | 891.7 | 895.4 | 897.1 | 896.3 |
| Crude ash4 | 60.0 | 57.2 | 58.2 | 52.1 | 53.2 | 54.2 | 119.3 | 117.1 | 119.7 |
| Crude protein4 | 174.1 | 176.0 | 186.9 | 128.1 | 132.5 | 136.2 | 119.4 | 121.6 | 128.5 |
| Kjeldahl Nitrogen4 | 27.9 | 28.5 | 32.0 | 20.5 | 21.9 | 23.1 | 19.1 | 19.8 | 22.0 |
| Crude fat4 | 40.1 | 38.6 | 37.2 | 30.7 | 31.6 | 34.6 | 40.2 | 41.1 | 40.6 |
| Crude fiber4 | 33.6 | 31.0 | 34.2 | 38.5 | 39.3 | 39.3 | 20.9 | 22.7 | 22.5 |
| Starch4 | 459.7 | 457.7 | 449.5 | 493.2 | 491.8 | 482.8 | 492.8 | 492.1 | 462.7 |
| Sucrose4 | 20.6 | 20.1 | 20.3 | 23.8 | 24.3 | 23.0 | 20.5 | 20.8 | 20.6 |
| Phosphorous4 | 9.8 | 10.0 | 10.2 | 13.9 | 14.3 | 13.8 | 5.2 | 5.6 | 5.8 |
| Calcium4 | 12.7 | 12.6 | 13.1 | 11.5 | 11.8 | 11.6 | 40.9 | 41.0 | 40.3 |
| AMEN (MJ/kg)5 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 |
| Methionine6 | 3.34 | 3.34 | 3.32 | 2.43 | 2.43 | 2.42 | 3.90 | 3.90 | 3.89 |
| Lysine6 | 8.96 | 8.96 | 8.93 | 6.26 | 6.26 | 6.24 | 9.14 | 9.13 | 9.12 |
| Arginine6 | 6.54 | 9.53 | 19.50 | 5.45 | 6.46 | 13.44 | 4.47 | 6.76 | 13.74 |
Premix–chicks: feed additives (per kg premix): Vitamin A, 1,200,000 IU; Vitamin D3, 350,000 IU; Vitamin E, 4,000 mg; Vitamin B1, 250 mg; Vitamin B2, 800 mg; Vitamin B6, 600 mg; Vitamin B12, 3,200 µg; Vitamin K3, 450 mg; Nicotin amide, 4,500 mg; Calcium-D-pantothenate, 1,500 mg; Folic acid, 120 mg; Biotin, 5,000 µg; Choline chloride, 55,000 mg; Fe, 3,200 mg; Cu, 1,200 mg; Mn, 10,000 mg; Zn, 8,000 mg; I, 160 mg; Se, 40 mg; Co, 20 mg; Butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), 10,000 mg
Premix–pullets: feed additives (per kg premix): Vitamin A, 1,000,000 IU; Vitamin D3, 200,000 IU; Vitamin E, 2,500 mg; Vitamin B1, 250 mg; Vitamin B2, 500 mg; Vitamin B6, 400 mg; Vitamin B12, 1,850 µg; Vitamin K3, 300 mg; Nicotin amide, 3.000 mg; Calcium-D-pantothenate, 900 mg; Folic acid, 80 mg; Biotin, 2,100 µg; Choline chloride, 30,000 mg; Fe, 4,000 mg; Cu, 1,500 mg; Mn, 8,000 mg; Zn, 8,000 mg; I, 160 mg; Se, 32 mg; Co, 20 mg; Butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), 10,000 mg
Premix–hens: feed additives (per kg premix): Vitamin A, 1,000,000 IU; Vitamin D3, 250,000 IU; Vitamin E, 2,000 mg; Vitamin B1, 250 mg; Vitamin B2, 700 mg; Vitamin B6, 400 mg; Vitamin B12, 2,000 µg; Vitamin K3, 400 mg; Nicotin amide, 4,000 mg; Calcium-D-pantothenate, 1,000 mg; Folic acid, 60 mg; Biotin, 2,500 µg; Choline chloride, 40,000 mg; Fe, 4,000 mg; Cu, 1,000 mg; Mn, 10,000 mg; Zn, 8,000 mg; I, 120 mg; Se, 25 mg; Co, 20.5 mg; Butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), 12,500 mg; Beta-carotene, 400 mg; Canthaxanthin, 400 mg
Analyzed
Apparent metabolizable energy concentrations corrected to zero nitrogen balance (AMEN), calculated according to the energy estimation equation of the WPSA (Vogt, 1986)
Calculated based on analysed amino acid contents of ingredients and their proportions of the diets