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. 2020 Aug 25;10:443. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00443

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Copyright © 2020 Beltran, Heunis, Gallant, Venter, du Plessis, Loxton, Trost, Winter, Malherbe, Kana and Walzl.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Unique proteome signatures exist in BALF from patients with active TB compared to patients maintaining clinical cure. (A) Principle component analysis of protein intensities obtained by mass spectrometry analysis of BALF from active TB patients at baseline (TB) and patients successfully completing 6 months anti-TB therapy (EOT). Active TB cases could be distinguished from the majority of EOT cases in principle component 1, with the exception of one EOT case. Follow up analysis of this patient revealed this was a relapse case with differentially culturable M. tuberculosis. (B) Volcano plot representing the differentially regulated proteins in active TB compared to EOT. The relapse sample was considered as a TB case for the statistical test. Heatmaps of the (C) top 15 upregulated and (D) downregulated proteins from the hypothesis testing. (E) Gene enrichment analysis (GSEA) of all significantly regulated proteins against gene ontology terms. GSEA was performed using the WebGestalt webserver (Liao et al., 2019).