TABLE 3b.

Effects of changes of miRNA expression levels on podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy in vivo.

miRNA	Model	Treatment	Method on miRNA overexpression or knockdown	Biological effects	Target mRNA	References
miRNA-16-5p	STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy rats	OE	Human urine-derived stem cells exosomes containing overexpressed miR-16-5p were injected via tail vein	Podocyte number ↑, foot process width ↓, podocyte fusion rate ↓, mesangial area ↓, apoptosis ↓, TNF-α↓, TGF-β↓, MCP-1 ↓	VEGFA. Vascular endothelial growth factor A.	Duan et al., 2019
miRNA-21	STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy rats. STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy mice.	KD	anti-miR-21 were injected via tail vein.	Serum: IL-1β↓, TNF-α↓, Blood: glucose ↓ Creatinine ↓, Blood urine nitrogen ↓, Kidney: Bax ↓, Bcl-2 ↑, Apoptosis ↓, Mesangial expansion ↓, Mesangial expansion ↓, Interstitial fibrosis ↓, Collagen Ia2 ↓, Collagen III, CTGF, α-SMA) ↓, Infiltrating macrophages ↓, MCP-1 ↓ Albuminuria ↓, Podocyte loss ↓	TIMP3 Cdc25a Cdk6	Kolling et al., 2017; Chen et al., 2018
miRNA-23b	db/db mice	OE	miR-23b agomir were injected via tail vein.	Body weight ↓, Abdominal fat weight ↓, Insulin resistance index ↓ Insulin sensitivity ↑, Kidney: Microalbuminuria ↓, Albumin-to-creatinine ratio ↓, p53 ↓, p38MAPK ↓, GBM thickening ↓, Podocyte foot processes ↑	G3BP2	Zhao et al., 2016
miRNA-25	db/db mice	OE	miR-25 agomir were injected via tail vein	Proteinuria ↓ Kidney: Glomerular fibrosis ↓, α-SMA ↓, Foot process fusion of podocytes ↓, GBM thickening ↓, BP ↓, KRI ↓, angiotensin 1 area ↓, Renin area ↓, wVF ↓ serum: Renin ↓, Angiotensin I ↓, Angiotensin II ↓, Aldosterone ↓	CDC42	Liu et al., 2017
miRNA-27a	STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy rats	KD	miR-27a inhibitor were injected intraperitoneally.	Renal function ↑, Proteinuria ↓ Kidney: Podocyte number ↑, Effaced podocyte foot processes ↓, PPAR-γ↓, β-catenin ↓, snail1 ↓, α-SMA ↓, Synaptopodin ↑, WT-1 ↑	PPAR-γ	Zhou et al., 2017
miRNA-29a	STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy in miRNA-29a transgenic mice	OE	miRNA-29a transgenic mice	Serum: Diabetes-induced hyperfiltration ↓, Creatinine clearance ↑ Kidney: Kidney weight ↓, Urinary protein levels ↓, Glomerular hypertrophy ↓, Desmin ↓, Apotosis ↓, Nephrin ↑, WT-1 ↑, TGF-β1 ↓, Fibronectin ↓, IL-1β↓	HDAC4	Lin et al., 2014
miRNA-29c	db/db mice	KD	Chemically modified antisense RNA oligonucleotides were injected intraperitoneally.	Kidney: Albuminuria ↓, Apoptosis ↓, Mesangial matrix accumulation ↓, Fibronectin ↓	Spry1	Long et al., 2011
miRNA-93	miR-93 transgenic db/db mice	OE	miRNA-93 transgenic mice	Kidney: Albuminuria ↓, Mesangial matrix expansion ↓, Desmin ↓, Podocyte loss ↓, Synaptopodin ↑, Nephrin ↑, Foot process effacement ↑, Slit diaphragm morphology ↑, Glomerular basement membrane thickness ↓, Foot process effacement ↓, Foot process density ↑	Msk2	Badal et al., 2016
miRNA-146a	STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy in miR-146a deficient mice.	KD	miR-146a-deficient mice.	Kidney: Mesangial sclerosis ↓, Foot process effacement ↓, EGFR ↓	ErbB4 Notch-1	Lee et al., 2017
miRNA-503	STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy rats.	KD	miR-503 inhibitor was injected intravenously.	Proteinuria ↓, Serum creatinine ↓, Blood urea nitrogen ↓	E2F3	Zha et al., 2019
miR-874	STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy mice.	OE	Adenovirus carrying miR-874 were injected intravenously	Body weight ↑, Proteinuria ↓ Serum: Creatinine ↓, Blood urea nitrogen ↓ Kidney: IL-6 ↓, IL-1β↓, TNF-α↓	TLR4	Yao et al., 2018