Table 6.
Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis of disease-specific survival
| Variables | n = 9753 | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95 % CI) | P Value | HR (95 % CI) | P Value | ||
| Sex | Male | Reference | < 0.001 | Reference | |
| Female | 0.812 (0.759-0.869) | 0.924 (0.862-0.991) | 0.027 | ||
| Age | <60 | Reference | 0.016 | Reference | |
| ≥60 | 1.070 (1.013-1.131) | 1.102 (1.041-1.166) | < 0.001 | ||
| Race | White | Reference | Reference | ||
| Black‡ | 1.103 (1.018-1.196) | 0.016 | 0.935 (0.862-1.014) | 0.104 | |
| Other* | 0.786 (0.729-0.848) | < 0.001 | 0.815 (0.754-0.881) | < 0.001 | |
| Unknown | 0.573 (0.373-0.880) | 0.011 | 0.695 (0.452-1.068) | 0.097 | |
| Marital Status | Married | Reference | Reference | ||
| Non-married# | 1.317 (1.246-1.392) | < 0.001 | 1.034 (0.976-1.094) | 0.255 | |
| Unknown | 1.204 (1.041-1.392) | 0.013 | 0.949 (0.819-1.099) | 0.482 | |
| Year of diagnosis | 2010-2011 | Reference | Reference | ||
| 2012-2013 | 0.983 (0.920-1.051) | 0.614 | 0.992 (0.928-1.061) | 0.815 | |
| 2014-2016 | 0.797 (0.743-0.854) | < 0.001 | 0.873 (0.811-0.940) | < 0.001 | |
| Pathological grade | Well differentiated | Reference | Reference | ||
| Moderately differentiated | 1.071 (0.944-1.215) | 0.288 | 1.153 (1.014-1.311) | 0.030 | |
| Poorly differentiated | 1.931 (1.672-2.230) | < 0.001 | 1.660 (1.432-1.924) | < 0.001 | |
| Undifferentiated | 2.270 (1.515-3.402) | < 0.001 | 2.121 (1.409-3.193) | < 0.001 | |
| Unknown | 1.893 (1.704-2.102) | < 0.001 | 1.208 (1.085-1.345) | < 0.001 | |
| T | T1 | Reference | Reference | ||
| T2 | 1.387 (1.288-1.495) | < 0.001 | 1.485 (1.375-1.605) | < 0.001 | |
| T3 | 4.076 (3.793-4.381) | < 0.001 | 1.878 (1.722-2.048) | < 0.001 | |
| T4 | 6.173 (5.366-7.102) | < 0.001 | 2.510 (2.156-2.923) | < 0.001 | |
| Unknown | 2.465 (2.239-2.714) | < 0.001 | 1.471 (1.265-1.711) | < 0.001 | |
| N | N0 | Reference | Reference | ||
| N1 | 3.255 (2.941-3.602) | < 0.001 | 1.210 (1.084-1.350) | < 0.001 | |
| Unknown | 1.428 (1.311-1.556) | < 0.001 | 1.176 (1.043-1.326) | 0.008 | |
| M | M0 | Reference | Reference | ||
| M1 | 4.035 (3.723-4.373) | < 0.001 | 1.781 (1.631-1.945) | < 0.001 | |
| Unknown | 0.946 (0.838-1.066) | 0.361 | 0.823 (0.678-0.998) | 0.047 | |
| Tumor Size | ≤3 cm | Reference | Reference | ||
| 3-5 cm | 1.835 (1.694-1.989) | < 0.001 | 1.792 (1.651-1.946) | < 0.001 | |
| ≥5 cm | 3.546 (3.304-3.806) | < 0.001 | 2.517 (2.300-2.754) | < 0.001 | |
| Unknown | 6.332 (5.748-6.975) | < 0.001 | 3.263 (2.886-3.688) | < 0.001 | |
| AFP | Negative | Reference | Reference | ||
| Positive | 1.960 (1.826-2.105) | < 0.001 | 1.449 (1.347-1.559) | < 0.001 | |
| Borderline | 1.258 (0.627-2.522) | 0.519 | 1.330 (0.662-2.674) | 0.423 | |
| Unknown | 1.640 (1.479-1.819) | < 0.001 | 1.282 (1.151-1.428) | < 0.001 | |
| Radiation | None/unknown | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 1.249 (1.139-1.369) | < 0.001 | 0.653 (0.594-0.718) | < 0.001 | |
| Chemotherapy | None/unknown | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 0.744 (0.705-0.786) | < 0.001 | 0.466 (0.439-0.494) | < 0.001 | |
| Surgery | None | Reference | Reference | ||
| Tumor Destruction | 0.317 (0.286-0.351) | < 0.001 | 0.388 (0.348-0.433) | < 0.001 | |
| Surgical Resection | 0.276 (0.246-0.310) | < 0.001 | 0.209 (0.183-0.240) | < 0.001 | |
| Liver Transplantation | 0.063 (0.049-0.082) | < 0.001 | 0.083 (0.064-0.108) | < 0.001 | |
| Unknown | 0.519 (0.247-1.090) | 0.083 | 0.804 (0.382-1.691) | 0.566 | |
| Fibrosis | Non-cirrhosis | Reference | Reference | ||
| Cirrhosis | 1.259 (1.166-1.358) | < 0.001 | 1.166 (1.074-1.265) | < 0.001 | |
‡, Black or African American; *, Includes American Indian/Alaska native, Asian, and Asian/Pacific Islander; #, Includes widowed, never married, divorced, separated, unmarried, and domestic partner; T: tumour; N: node; M: metastasis; AFP: alpha fetoprotein; HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval.