Table 1.
Characteristics of training and validation cohorts according to SII or PNI
| Variable | Training cohort (n = 253) | Validation cohort (n = 272) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SII | PNI | SII | PNI | |||||||||
| ≥672.44 (n = 107) |
< 672.44 (n = 146) |
P-value | ≥47.83 (n = 153) |
< 47.83 (n = 100) |
P-value | ≥672.44 (n = 107) |
< 672.44 (n = 165) |
P-value | ≥47.83 (n = 126) |
< 47.83 (n = 146) |
P-value | |
| Age (>65 vs ≤65 years) | 69/38 | 92/54 | 0.810 | 86/67 | 75/25 | 0.002* | 66/41 | 92/73 | 0.333 | 59/67 | 99/47 | <0.001* |
| Gender (Male vs Female) | 81/26 | 99/47 | 0.171 | 107/46 | 73/27 | 0.599 | 79/28 | 103/62 | 0.051 | 87/39 | 95/51 | 0.487 |
| ASA grade (≥3 vs <3) | 27/80 | 34/112 | 0.721 | 28/125 | 33/67 | 0.008* | 22/85 | 23/142 | 0.151 | 16/110 | 29/117 | 0.113 |
| BMI (≥25 vs <25, Kg/m2) | 10/97 | 38/108 | 0.001* | 39/114 | 9/91 | 0.001* | 30/77 | 61/104 | 0.127 | 44/82 | 47/99 | 0.634 |
| Hydronephrosis (Yes vs No) | 74/33 | 94/52 | 0.427 | 97/56 | 71/29 | 0.211 | 77/30 | 110/55 | 0.357 | 75/51 | 112/34 | 0.002* |
| Surgical approach (laparoscopic vs open) | 28/79 | 57/89 | 0.032* | 55/98 | 30/70 | 0.327 | 91/16 | 154/11 | 0.026* | 119/7 | 126/20 | 0.025* |
| NLR, Mean ± SD | 5.22 ± 3.79 | 2.14 ± 0.83 | <0.001* | 2.62 ± 1.43 | 4.70 ± 4.06 | <0.001* | 5.02 ± 2.86 | 2.03 ± 0.81 | <0.001* | 3.98 ± 2.81 | 2.32 ± 1.33 | <0.001* |
| PLR, Mean ± SD | 216.49 ± 110.38 | 109.59 ± 32.75 | <0.001* | 124.43 ± 50.51 | 201.28 ± 119.24 | <0.001* | 184.34 ± 78.49 | 110.01 ± 36.07 | <0.001* | 164.17 ± 75.16 | 110.38 ± 41.00 | <0.001* |
| MLR, Mean ± SD | 0.52 ± 0.36 | 0.26 ± 0.10 | <0.001* | 0.28 ± 0.13 | 0.51 ± 0.37 | <0.001* | 0.46 ± 0.28 | 0.26 ± 0.12 | <0.001* | 0.41 ± 0.26 | 0.25 ± 0.11 | <0.001* |
| Anemia (Yes vs No) | 61/46 | 46/61 | <0.001* | 43/110 | 64/36 | <0.001 | 44/63 | 36/129 | 0.001* | 24/102 | 56/90 | <0.001* |
| Hypoproteinemia (Yes vs No) | 16/91 | 6/140 | 0.002* | 1/152 | 21/79 | <0.001 | 13/94 | 10/155 | 0.078 | 0/126 | 23/123 | <0.001* |
| CKD stage | 0.041* | <0.001* | 0.183 | 0.677 | ||||||||
| CKD 1 | 8 | 19 | 25 | 2 | 29 | 35 | 31 | 33 | ||||
| CKD 2 | 30 | 56 | 57 | 29 | 39 | 51 | 37 | 53 | ||||
| CKD 3 | 53 | 61 | 64 | 50 | 32 | 71 | 51 | 52 | ||||
| CKD 4 | 11 | 9 | 6 | 14 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 8 | ||||
| CKD 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Tumor size (≥3 vs <3, cm) | 46/61 | 50/96 | 0.157 | 55/98 | 41/59 | 0.418 | 46/61 | 50/115 | 0.032* | 30/96 | 66/80 | <0.001* |
| Tumor site | 0.677 | 0.246 | 0.052 | 0.847 | ||||||||
| Pelvicalyceal | 69 | 94 | 100 | 63 | 60 | 89 | 71 | 78 | ||||
| Ureter | 32 | 47 | 49 | 30 | 36 | 70 | 48 | 58 | ||||
| Both | 6 | 5 | 4 | 7 | 11 | 6 | 7 | 10 | ||||
| Multifocality(Yes vs No) | 27/80 | 21/125 | 0.030* | 25/128 | 23/77 | 0.187 | 25/82 | 40/125 | 0.868 | 26/100 | 39/107 | 0.241 |
| Pathologic T stage | <0.001* | <0.001* | <0.001* | 0.017* | ||||||||
| ≥pT3 | 53 | 54 | 39 | 47 | 62 | 52 | 41 | 73 | ||||
| < pT3 | 33 | 113 | 114 | 53 | 45 | 113 | 85 | 73 | ||||
| N stage (N1 vs N0) | 20/87 | 4/142 | <0.001* | 10/143 | 14/86 | 0.048* | 12/95 | 5/160 | 0.006* | 6/120 | 11/135 | 0.346 |
| Tumor grade (≥3 vs <3) | 87/20 | 108/38 | 0.170 | 116/37 | 79/21 | 0.556 | 84/23 | 113/52 | 0.071 | 84/42 | 113/33 | 0.048* |
| LVI (Yes vs No) | 28/79 | 13/133 | <0.001* | 16/137 | 25/75 | 0.002* | 24/83 | 14/151 | 0.001* | 17-109 | 21/125 | 0.833 |
| Adjuvant therapy (Yes vs No) | 18/89 | 10/136 | 0.012* | 17/136 | 11/89 | 0.978 | 35/72 | 39/126 | 0.100 | 36/90 | 38/108 | 0.638 |
| Follow-up duration, months, median (IQR) | 20.30 (10.90-46.60) | 42.70 (24.35-69.48) | <0.001* | 43.80 (22.75-70.70) | 24.45 (10.90-39.68) | <0.001* | 32.90 (16.90-52.00) | 52.20 (33.60-73.50) | <0.001* | 51.65 (31.85-66.05) | 37.10 (24.00-64.08) | <0.001* |
| All-cause death, n (%) | 59 (55.14%) | 34 (23.29%) | <0.001* | 40 (25.16%) | 53 (53.00%) | <0.001* | 53 (49.53%) | 32 (19.39%) | <0.001* | 19 (15.08%) | 66 (45.21%) | <0.001* |
| Cancer-specific death, n (%) | 48 (44.86%) | 25 (17.12%) | <0.001* | 30 (18.87%) | 43 (43.00%) | <0.001* | 45 (42.6%) | 21 (12.73%) | <0.001* | 16 (12.70%) | 50 (34.25%) | <0.001* |
| Recurrence after surgery, n (%) | 55 (51.40%) |
46 (31.51%) |
<0.001* | 47 (30.72%) |
54 (54.00%) |
<0.001 | 50 (46.73%) |
40 (24.24%) |
<0.001* | 30 (23.81%) |
60 (41.10%) |
0.003* |
Note: *statistically significant;
Abbreviations: ASA; American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI, body mass index; SII, systemic immune-inflammation index; PNI, prognostic nutritional index; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; MLR, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio; CKD, chronic kidney disease; LVI, lymphovascular invasion; IQR, interquartile range.