Table 2.

Relationships of plasma irisin with insulin related index and glucose levels

Variable	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3
	Beta ± SE	P †	P FDR ‡	Beta ± SE	P †	P FDR ‡	Beta ± SE	P †	P FDR ‡
Overall (n = 932)
HOMA‐IR	−0.271 ± 0.078	<0.001	0.003	−0.259 ± 0.079	0.001	0.006	−0.250 ± 0.082	0.002	0.012
HOMA‐IS	0.036 ± 0.009	<0.001	0.003	0.031 ± 0.009	0.002	0.006	0.028 ± 0.007	0.004	0.012
HOMA‐βF	−103.72 ± 62.1	0.096	0.144	−104.71 ± 64.9	0.107	0.130	−111.35 ± 68.7	0.106	0.127
OGTT‐0 h glucose	−0.060 ± 0.023	0.012	0.024	−0.056 ± 0.025	0.023	0.046	−0.067 ± 0.025	0.009	0.018
OGTT‐1 h glucose	−0.103 ± 0.097	0.291	0.291	−0.051 ± 0.100	0.609	0.609	−0.075 ± 0.103	0.466	0.467
OGTT‐2 h glucose	0.106 ± 0.075	0.156	0.187	0.135 ± 0.076	0.108	0.130	0.126 ± 0.077	0.080	0.120
Statistical analysis
High dietary n‐3 PUFA (n = 466)
HOMA‐IR	−0.257 ± 0.100	0.011	0.022	−0.214 ± 0.102	0.037	0.074	−0.208 ± 0.104	0.045	0.090
HOMA‐IS	0.042 ± 0.013	0.001	0.006	0.039 ± 0.013	0.004	0.024	0.038 ± 0.013	0.005	0.015
HOMA‐βF	−201.28 ± 121.82	0.999	0.999	−203.7 ± 124.4	0.102	0.153	−198.9 ± 128.3	0.122	0.183
OGTT‐0 h glucose	−0.095 ± 0.032	0.003	0.009	−0.086 ± 0.033	0.008	0.024	−0.092 ± 0.033	0.005	0.015
OGTT‐1 h glucose	−0.117 ± 0.139	0.958	0.999	−0.007 ± 0.139	0.958	0.958	−0.042 ± 0.141	0.768	0.768
OGTT‐2 h glucose	0.059 ± 0.105	0.571	0.867	0.078 ± 0.106	0.461	0.553	0.042 ± 0.106	0.693	0.768
Low dietary n‐3 PUFA (n = 466)
HOMA‐IR	−0.042 ± 0.062	0.504	0.605	−0.127 ± 0.193	0.511	0.767	−0.129 ± 0.209	0.533	0.780
HOMA‐IS	0.060 ± 0.438	0.169	0.338	0.018 ± 0.015	0.222	0.580	0.014 ± 0.015	0.360	0.720
HOMA‐βF	0.020 ± 0.015	0.169	0.338	19.09 ± 55.62	0.732	0.878	20.73 ± 61.15	0.735	0.882
OGTT‐0 h glucose	−0.037 ± 0.036	0.297	0.446	−0.039 ± 0.037	0.290	0.580	−0.058 ± 0.039	0.145	0.435
OGTT‐1 h glucose	−0.061 ± 0.144	0.670	0.670	−0.017 ± 0.147	0.908	0.908	−0.005 ± 0.153	0.975	0.975
OGTT‐2 h glucose	0.225 ± 0.109	0.040	0.240	0.249 ± 0.111	0.025	0.150	0.300 ± 0.115	0.009	0.054

Model 1 was adjusted for survey years, age, gestational age, pre‐pregnancy body mass index. Model 2 was further adjusted for gestational diabetes mellitus in a previous pregnancy, family history of diabetes, physical activities, smoking during pregnancy, alcohol consumption during pregnancy, dietary energy intake and dietary n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) intake. Model 3 was further adjusted for occupation, monthly household income and educational level.

HOMA‐βF, homeostatic model assessment of β‐cell function; HOMA‐IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; HOMA‐IS, homeostatic model assessment of insulin sensitivity; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid; SE, standard error.

^† P‐value for multiple linear regression.

^‡Corrected P‐value for false discovery rate (FDR).