Table II.
Studies reporting community-onset COVID-19 among infants younger than 3 months of age by country, author, and study type
| Countries | Authors | Date | Study type | Infants, n | SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing by source, n positive/total n tested (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brazil | Carvalho et al14 | 6/3/2020 | Case report | 1 | Nasopharyngeal, 1/1 (100) |
| China | Cai et al35 | 5/12/2020 | Case series | 1 | Nasopharyngeal, 1/1 (100) Oropharyngeal, 1/1 (100) |
| China | Cui et al18 | 3/17/2020 | Case report | 1 | Nasopharyngeal, 1/1 (100) Oropharyngeal, 0/1 Anal swab/stool sample, 1/1 (100) |
| China | Liu et al49 | 3/21/2020 | Cohort study | 1 | Oropharyngeal, 1/1 (100) |
| China | Lu et al37 | 5/1/2020 | Case report | 1 | Oropharyngeal, 1/1 Anal swab/stool sample, 0/1 Urine, 0/1 |
| China | Shi et al31 | 4/15/2020 | Case report | 1 | Oropharyngeal, 1/1 (100) |
| China | Wang et al32 | 3/25/2020 | Case report | 1 | Oropharyngeal, 1/1 (100) Anal swab/stool sample, 1/1 (100) |
| China | Wei et al45 | 2/14/2020 | Case series | 1 | Nasopharyngeal, 1/1 (100) |
| China | Xu et al47 | 3/13/2020 | Case series | 1 | Nasopharyngeal, 1/1 (100) Anal swab/stool sample, 1/1 (100) |
| China | Zeng et al33 | 4/2/2020 | Case report | 1 | Nasopharyngeal, 1/1 (100) Oropharyngeal, 1/1 (100) Anal swab/stool sample, 1/1 (100) |
| China | Zhang et al48 | 4/8/2020 | Case series | 2 | Anal swab/stool sample, 2/2 (100) |
| France | Meslin et al39 | 5/2020 | Case series | 6 | Nasopharyngeal, 6/6 (100) |
| France | Nathan et al40 | 4/27/2020 | Case series | 5 | Nasopharyngeal, 5/5 (100) CSF, 0/4 |
| Germany | Färber et al21 | 6/3/2020 | Case report | 1 | Oropharyngeal, 1/1 (100) CSF, 1/1 (100) |
| Iran | Kamali Aghdam et al25 | 4/1/2020 | Case report | 1 | Oropharyngeal, 1/1 (100) |
| Italy | Buonsenso et al34 | 5/2/2020 | Case series | 1 | Nasopharyngeal, 1/1 (100) Oropharyngeal, 0/1 |
| Italy | Calderaro et al12 | 5/14/2020 | Case report | 1 | Nasopharyngeal, 1/1 (100) |
| Italy | Canarutto et al13 | 4/6/2020 | Case report | 1 | Oropharyngeal, 1/1 (100) |
| Italy | Giacomet et al22 | 5/19/2020 | Case report | 1 | Nasopharyngeal, 1/1 (100) |
| Italy | Poli et al28 | 4/13/2020 | Case report | 1 | Nasopharyngeal, 1/1 (100) |
| Italy | Salvatori et al43 | 4/21/2020 | Case series | 2 | Nasopharyngeal, 2/2 (100) |
| Italy | Venturini et al44 | 5/19/2020 | Case series | 2 | Nasopharyngeal, 2/2 (100) |
| South Korea | Han et al24 | 4/16/2020 | Case report | 1 | Nasopharyngeal, 1/1 (100) Oropharyngeal, 1/1 (100) Saliva, 1/1 (100) Anal swab/stool sample, 1/1 (100) Urine, 1/1 (100) Blood, 1/1 (100) |
| Spain | Chacón-Aguilar et al15 | 4/17/2020 | Case report | 1 | Nasopharyngeal, 1/1 (100) |
| Spain | González-Brabin et al23 | Case report | 1 | Nasopharyngeal, 1/1 (100) | |
| United Kingdom | Cook et al16 | Case report | 1 | Nasopharyngeal, 1/1 (100) | |
| United Kingdom | Ng et al41 | 5/2020 | Case series | 3 | Unspecified Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal, 3/3 (100) |
| US | Coronado Munoz et al17 | 4/22/2020 | Case report | 1 | Nasopharyngeal, 1/1 (100) |
| US | Dugue et al19 | 4/23/2020 | Case report | 1 | Nasopharyngeal, 1/1 (100) Anal swab/stool sample, 1/1 (100) Blood, 0/1 CSF, 0/1 |
| US | Dumpa et al20 | 5/17/2020 | Case report | 1 | Nasopharyngeal, 1/1 (100) |
| US | Feld et al36 | 5/13/2020 | Case series | 3 | Nasopharyngeal, 3/3 (100) |
| US | Kan et al26 | 4/22/2020 | Case report | 1 | Nasopharyngeal, 1/1 (100) Oropharyngeal, 1/1 (100) |
| US | McLaren et al38 | 6/11/2020 | Case series (subset of cohort study) |
7 | Nasopharyngeal, 7/7 (100) |
| US | Paret et al42 | 4/17/2020 | Case series | 2 | Nasopharyngeal, 2/2 (100) |
| US | Patek et al27 | 4/15/2020 | Case report | 1 | Nasopharyngeal, 1/1 (100) |
| US | Precit et al29 | 5/22/2020 | Case report | 1 | Nasopharyngeal, 1/1 (100) Blood, 0/1 |
| US | Robbins et al30 | 6/2020 | Case report | 1 | Unspecified, 1/1 (100) |
| US | White et al46 | 6/4/2020 | Case series | 3 | Nasopharyngeal, 3/3 (100) |
| Summary by sample type | Infant samples Nasopharyngeal, 48/48 (100) Oropharyngeal, 12/14 (83) Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab, 60/60 (100) Saliva, 1/1 (100) Anal swab/stool sample, 8/10 (80) Urine, 1/2 (50) Blood, 1/3 (33) CSF, 1/6 (17) |
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Summary of studies reporting community-onset COVID-19 among infants younger than 3 months of age with positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing.