Table 2.
Comparison of characteristics among respondents with and without a history of head injury
| TBI+ (n = 216) | TBI−(n = 2907) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | % (#), Mean (SD) | p* | OR (95% CI)‡ | |
| Final CASI score <60 | 22.7% (49) | 16.0% (466) | 0.0110 | 1.537 (1.10–2.15) |
| CASI score at baseline | 88.1 (6.9) | 86.0 (8.2) | <0.0001 | 1.038 (1.02–1.06) |
| Follow-up time (y) | 10.6 (6.3) | 8.0 (6.0) | <0.0001 | 01.073 (1.05–1.10) |
| Age at baseline (y) | 77.2 (4.1) | 77.7 (4.3) | 0.0779 | 0.970 (0.94–1.00) |
| Education (y) | 11.1 (3.4) | 10.7 (3.1) | 0.0862 | 1.042 (1.00–1.09) |
| APOE ε4 positive | 23.0% (49) | 18.3% (523) | 0.0903 | 1.333 (0.96–1.86) |
| Parent(s) with AD | 8.7% (17) | 6.3% (165) | 0.1935 | 1.411 (0.84–2.38) |
| Relative with AD | 9.1% (19) | 7.8% (219) | 0.5193 | 1.175 (0.72–1.92) |
| Ever had depression | 2.3% (5) | 1.0% (28) | 0.0604 | 2.442 (0.93–6.39) |
| Ever had hearing problem | 25.8% (55) | 20.9% (606) | 0.0929 | 1.304 (0.96–1.81) |
| Ever had a stroke | 18.5% (40) | 17.5% (507) | 0.6944 | 1.074 (0.75–1.53) |
| Hypertension at baseline | 18.5% (40) | 18.0% (524) | 0.8594 | 1.033 (0.72–1.48) |
| Diabetes at baseline | 15.0% (32) | 17.4% (501) | 0.3590 | 0.834 (0.57–1.23) |
| Ever smoked at baseline | 59.8% (128) | 62.8% (1824) | 0.3854 | 0.882 (0.66–1.17) |
| Ever drank at baseline | 62.7% (133) | 58.8% (1704) | 0.2654 | 1.178 (0.88–1.57) |
| Served in military§ | 31.1% (61) | 30.0% (736) | 0.7343 | 1.056 (0.77–1.45) |
AD, Alzheimer’s disease; APOE e4, apolipoprotein allele e4; CASI, Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument; SD, standard deviation; TBI, traumatic brain injury. NOTE: Dichotomous measures are shown as percentage and sample size while continuous measures are displayed as mean and standard deviation (SD). Bolding identifies significant results.
*
p value for Pearson chi-square or Satterthwaite t value.
‡
Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for parameter.
§
Limited to respondents born in 1910 or after.