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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Sep 8.
Published in final edited form as: Circulation. 2019 Jan 8;139(2):256–268. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.035905

Figure 4. Associations between circulating MCP-1 levels and risk of stroke in Mendelian randomization and in observational studies.

Figure 4.

(A) MR-derived associations between genetically determined circulating MCP-1 levels (1-SD increase) and risk of any stroke and any ischemic stroke in MEGASTROKE, in UK Biobank, and a meta-analysis of both samples. (B) Meta-analysis-derived associations between circulating MCP-1 levels (1-SD increase) and risk of ischemic stroke in case-control and cohort studies. k refers to number of included studies. I2 in Figure 4A refers to heterogeneity in the Mendelian randomization analysis (inverse-variance weighted method) and in Figure 4B in the random-effects meta-analyses of observational studies.

CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; OR, odds ratio; SMD, standardized mean difference; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism.