Table 1.
Multivariable Mendelian randomization associations between circulating MCP-1 levels and risk of stroke and its subtypes adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors.
| Any stroke | Any ischemic stroke | Large artery stroke | Cardioembolic stroke | Small vessel stroke | Intracerebral hemorrhage | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N sample | 523,047 | 511,551 | 245,201 | 361,858 | 298,777 | 3,026 |
| N cases | 66,856 | 60,341 | 6,688 | 9,006 | 11,710 | 1,545 |
| Unadjusted model | 1.06 (1.02–1.09) | 1.06 (1.02–1.10) | 1.19 (1.09–1.30) | 1.14 (1.06–1.23) | 1.03 (0.95–1.11) | 1.24 (0.94–1.64) |
| Adjusted for T2D | 1.07 (1.03–1.11) | 1.07 (1.03–1.11) | 1.22 (1.12–1.33) | 1.17 (1.08–1.27) | 1.03 (0.97–1.10) | 1.06 (0.94–1.20) |
| Adjusted for LDL-C | 1.06 (1.02–1.10) | 1.06 (1.02–1.11) | 1.20 (1.10–1.31) | 1.16 (1.06–1.24) | 1.03 (0.98–1.09) | 1.26 (0.93–1.71) |
| Adjusted for HDL-C | 1.07 (1.03–1.11) | 1.07 (1.02–1.11) | 1.21 (1.11–1.33) | 1.15 (1.06–1.25) | 1.04 (0.97–1.10) | 1.27 (0.94–1.72) |
| Adjusted for TG | 1.06 (1.02–1.10) | 1.06 (1.02–1.10) | 1.19 (1.09–1.30) | 1.16 (1.06–1.26) | 1.03 (0.97–1.10) | 1.28 (0.94–1.73) |
| Adjusted for SBP | 1.08 (1.04–1.12) | 1.09 (1.05–1.14) | 1.23 (1.12–1.35) | 1.20 (1.10–1.32) | 1.03 (0.96–1.11) | 1.81 (1.13–1.90) |
| Adjusted for DBP | 1.08 (1.04–1.13) | 1.09 (1.05–1.14) | 1.22 (1.11–1.34) | 1.20 (1.10–1.32) | 1.04 (0.96–1.11) | 1.53 (0.89–2.65) |
| Adjusted for HTN | 1.07 (1.03–1.11) | 1.07 (1.03–1.11) | 1.19 (1.09–1.29) | 1.18 (1.08–1.29) | 1.03 (0.95–1.11) | 1.03 (0.93–1.14) |
| Fully-adjusted model (T2D, LDL-C*, SBP †) | 1.08 (1.03–1.12) | 1.09 (1.04–1.13) | 1.23 (1.11–1.35) | 1.20 (1.10–1.32) | 1.04 (0.97–1.12) | 1.06 (0.92–1.21) |
The results are presented as Odds Ratios (95% Confidence Intervals) for the effect of 1 standard deviation increase in MCP-1 levels.
*
restricted to LDL-C to avoid collinearity with HDL-C and TG levels.
†
restricted to SBP to avoid collinearity with DBP and HTN.
DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HTN, hypertension; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP: systolic blood pressure; T2D, type 2 diabetes mellitus; TG, triglycerides.