Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics and Comparison Between Patients With and Without Hospitalization/Emergency Treatment for an Infection
| Total sample (n = 112,788) | Without infection outcome (n = 110,880) | With infection outcome (n = 1,908) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | ||||
| Age (mean) | 70.8 | 70.78 | 71.97 | .0016 |
| Female, % | 60.9% | 60.9% | 56.4% | .000 |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| non-Hispanic White, % | 42.5% | 42.4% | 48.0% | .000 |
| Hispanic, % | 23.8% | 23.8% | 22.1% | .074 |
| non-Hispanic Black, % | 26.7% | 26.7% | 24.4% | .021 |
| Payer | ||||
| Medicare FFS, % | 42.5% | 42.3% | 52.4% | .000 |
| Medicare HMO, % | 22.8% | 22.9% | 19.8% | .001 |
| Medicaid FFS, % | 4.1% | 4.1% | 3.6% | .222 |
| Medicaid HMO, % | 17.4% | 17.4% | 17.2% | .812 |
| Dual eligible, % | 7.8% | 7.8% | 9.2% | .026 |
| Private insurance HMO, % | 18.5% | 18.5% | 14.3% | .000 |
| Others, % | 3.9% | 3.9% | 3.1% | .083 |
| Language | ||||
| English, % | 79.1% | 79.1% | 79.5% | .686 |
| Spanish, % | 15.9% | 15.9% | 15.6% | .732 |
| Living condition | ||||
| Living alone, % | 37.6% | 37.7% | 34.0% | .001 |
| Living with others, % | 60.0% | 60.0% | 63.9% | .000 |
| Congregate living, % | 2.2% | 2.2% | 2.0% | .524 |
| Inpatient facility stay 14 days before the HHC admission | ||||
| Short-stay acute hospital, % | 62.5% | 62.5% | 65.0% | .024 |
| Long-term care hospital/nursing home/ skilled nursing facility | 9.9% | 9.9% | 11.2% | .055 |
| Rehab/Psych/Other | 6.6% | 6.6% | 6.4% | .699 |
| No inpatient stay | 22.7% | 22.7% | 19.2% | .000 |
| Overall status | .000 | |||
| Stable | 11.9% | 11.9% | 8.6% | |
| Likely to be stable | 74.3% | 74.3% | 71.8% | |
| Fragile | 12.4% | 12.3% | 17.4% | |
| Serious | 0.8% | 0.8% | 1.2% | |
| Situation unknown | 0.6% | 0.6% | 1.1% |
FFS = fee for service; HMO = health maintenance organization; HHC = home healthcare.