Figure 1.

Overview of cellular layers and omic technologies to analyse them. The different layers of the cell, consisting of DNA sequence and modifications (Genome, Epigenome), RNA and protein content (Transcriptome, Proteome) small molecules (Metabolome, Lipidome) and elemental composition (measured as ‘Ionome’), can be analysed using according omic technologies (right). The combination of omic layers in a multi-ome dataset is able to reveal inter-layer mechanisms that would otherwise be left concealed by each single layer in separation. The figure illustrates the hugely divergent chemical make-up and complexity of each layer. Arrows illustrate the degree of dependency between the levels.