Table 5.

ORs of postpartum diabetes according to different GDM, HOMA-%β and HOMA-IR

	Non-GDM		GDM
	HOMA-IR <2.79	HOMA-IR ≥2.79	HOMA-IR <2.79	HOMA-IR ≥2.79
HOMA-%β
≥74.7	0.22 (0.06 to 2.20)	1.46 (0.36 to 6.37)	1	3.72 (1.42 to 9.81)
<74.7	0.52 (0.06 to 5.26)	- *	7.60 (3.00 to 18.8)	342 (85.6 to 1360)

All analyses adjusted for age, education, family income, family history of diabetes, current smoking, passive smoking, current alcohol drinking, leisure-time physical activity, sleeping time, energy consumption, fiber, fat, protein and carbohydrate consumption, sweetened beverage drinking, weight gain during pregnancy, lactation duration, lactation intensity, postpartum time, and body mass index. All p values for interaction are >0.1.

*No incident cases were found.

GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; HOMA-%β, homeostatic model assessment of β-cell secretory function; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance.