Table 2.
Characteristic of participants in the phenotype groups
| None or minimal | Light | Moderate | Heavy | |
| FLD− | ||||
| n | 3994 | 1189 | 1040 | 821 |
| Age (years) | 43.2 (9.3) | 45.1 (9.1) | 46.6 (9.3) | 47.5 (8.5) |
| Body weight (kg) | 64.6 (8.4) | 65.1 (8.1) | 65.2 (8.5) | 65.5 (8.5) |
| Body mass index (kg/m²) | 22.1 (2.4) | 22.2 (2.4) | 22.4 (2.4) | 22.5 (2.5) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 77.8 (6.8) | 78.7 (6.6) | 79.4 (7.0) | 80.1 (6.9) |
| Non-smoker | 1654 (40.1) | 343 (28.9) | 212 (20.4) | 111 (13.6) |
| Ex-smoker | 1107 (27.1) | 402 (33.8) | 363 (35.0) | 258 (31.6) |
| Current smoker | 1336 (32.8) | 443 (37.3) | 462 (44.6) | 447 (54.8) |
| Regular exerciser | 772 (19.2) | 272 (23.0) | 228 (22.0) | 170 (20.8) |
| Alcohol consumption (g/week) | 14.4 (20.6) | 104.9 (18.6) | 194.6 (41.8) | 444.8 (248.1) |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 5.3 (0.4) | 5.3 (0.4) | 5.4 (0.5) | 5.4 (0.5) |
| Hemoglobin A1c (mmol/mol) | 32.9 (3.4) | 32.6 (3.6) | 32.5 (3.6) | 32.1 (3.8) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 0.9 (0.6) | 1.0 (0.6) | 1.1 (0.8) | 1.2 (1.0) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.1 (0.8) | 5.1 (0.8) | 5.1 (0.8) | 5.1 (0.8) |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.3 (0.3) | 1.4 (0.4) | 1.5 (0.4) | 1.5 (0.4) |
| AST (IU/L) | 18.3 (7.5) | 18.2 (5.8) | 19.5 (6.9) | 21.8 (17.9) |
| ALT (IU/L) | 20.3 (10.4) | 19.9 (8.6) | 20.7 (9.2) | 22.5 (12.9) |
| GGT (IU/L) | 20.2 (16.0) | 25.4 (20.3) | 31.3 (32.0) | 42.1 (39.1) |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 115.6 (13.0) | 117.5 (13.8) | 119.6 (13.8) | 123.1 (14.8) |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 72.4 (9.2) | 74.2 (9.3) | 75.9 (9.9) | 78.7 (10.0) |
| FLD+ | ||||
| n | 1903 | 331 | 309 | 277 |
| Age (years) | 44.0 (8.2) | 45.9 (8.7) | 47.0 (8.4) | 46.2 (8.5) |
| Body weight (kg) | 74.6 (10.7) | 74.7 (10.6) | 73.9 (9.1) | 74.4 (10.8) |
| Body mass index (kg/m²) | 25.6 (3.1) | 25.6 (3.0) | 25.3 (2.4) | 25.2 (3.0) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 86.8 (7.4) | 87.4 (7.4) | 87.3 (6.5) | 87.3 (7.5) |
| Non-smoker | 751 (39.6) | 81 (24.6) | 61 (19.8) | 44 (15.9) |
| Ex-smoker | 551 (29.1) | 131 (39.8) | 130 (42.2) | 103 (37.3) |
| Current smoker | 31.4 (595) | 117 (35.6) | 117 (38.0) | 129 (46.7) |
| Regular exerciser | 273 (14.4) | 52 (15.8) | 44 (14.4) | 51 (18.4) |
| Alcohol consumption (g/week) | 11.9 (19.1) | 104.6 (18.5) | 196.8 (42.1) | 442.5 (167.6) |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 5.5 (0.5) | 5.6 (0.5) | 5.6 (0.5) | 5.7 (0.5) |
| Hemoglobin A1c (mmol/mol) | 34.8 (3.8) | 34.2 (4.2) | 34.1 (4.0) | 33.9 (3.9) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.5 (0.8) | 1.6 (1.0) | 1.6 (0.9) | 1.8 (1.1) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.4 (0.8) | 5.4 (0.8) | 5.5 (0.9) | 5.4 (0.8) |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.1 (0.2) | 1.2 (0.3) | 1.2 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.3) |
| AST (IU/L) | 23.3 (10.0) | 23.3 (9.4) | 23.3 (9.3) | 27.0 (13.7) |
| ALT (IU/L) | 35.6 (20.8) | 34.6 (18.9) | 32.4 (17.6) | 33.5 (16.5) |
| GGT (IU/L) | 29.5 (21.6) | 38.3 (29.0) | 42.0 (29.0) | 62.9 (66.4) |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 124.1 (14.5) | 126.6 (15.9) | 127.8 (14.0) | 127.3 (14.1) |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 78.3 (10.1) | 80.6 (10.7) | 81.6 (9.5) | 81.4 (9.6) |
Data are expressed as the number (%) of subjects or mean (SD).
ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FLD, fatty liver disease; GGT, gamma-glutamyltransferase; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; SBP, systolic blood pressure.