Table 3.

Primary and secondary outcomes

Outcome	Definition/annotation
Primary outcome
28 day survival rate after arrival at the ED	Patients whose survival/death information on 28th day after arrival at the ED is unclear are defined as drop-outs and will be excluded from the primary outcome analysis
Secondary outcome
Time to death during the first 28 days after arrival at the ED
In-hospital survival rate
Cumulative transfusion amounts
Red blood cell concentrate	Cumulative amounts during the first 1, 7 and 28 days after arrival at the ED
Fresh-frozen plasma	Cumulative amounts during the first 1, 7 and 28 days after arrival at the ED
Platelet concentrate	Cumulative amounts during the first 1, 7 and 28 days after arrival at the ED
Event-free days during the first 28 days after arrival at the ED
Ventilator-free days	When the patient dies during the first 28 days after the arrival at ED, the free days are defined as zero
Catecholamine-free days	When the patient dies during the first 28 days after the arrival at ED, the free days are defined as zero
ICU-free days	When the patient dies during the first 28 days after the arrival at ED, the free days are defined as zero
Organ failure during the first 7 days after arrival at the ED
Renal failure	Stage III defined by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Guidelines
Hepatic failure	Total bilirubin level ≥6 mg/dL as per the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score
Respiratory failure	Moderate acute respiratory distress syndrome according to the Berlin definition
Complications during in-hospital stay or the first 28 days after arrival at the ED
Deep venous thrombosis	Presence or absence should be diagnosed using clinical imaging
Pulmonary embolism	Presence or absence should be diagnosed using clinical imaging
Cerebral infarction	Presence or absence should be diagnosed using clinical imaging
Acute myocardial infarction	Presence or absence should not be diagnosed using only an elevation of cardiac biomarkers
Bowel ischaemia	Presence or absence should not be diagnosed using laboratory data
Transfusion-associated lung injury	Presence, possibility or absence are defined using the Toronto definition
Sepsis	Presence or absence should be diagnosed using the Sepsis-3 definition
Glasgow outcome scale score at discharge from the hospital	Good recovery, moderate disability, severe disability, persistent vegetative state or death

ED, emergency department; ICU, intensive care unit.