Table 3.
Stratification analysis of pooled relative risks for cardiovascular events
| Stratified by | Normal blood pressure | High normal blood pressure | Grade 1 hypertension | Grade 2 hypertension | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR (95% CI) | RD (95% CI)* | P value | RR (95% CI) | RD (95% CI)* | P value | RR (95% CI) | RD (95% CI)* | P value | RR (95% CI) | RD (95% CI)* | P value | |||||
| Mean age (years) | ||||||||||||||||
| >30 | 1.23 (1.07 to 1.41) | 0.37 (0.11 to 0.67) | 0.39 | 1.52 (1.30 to 1.78) | 0.85 (0.49 to 1.27) | 0.001 | 2.28 (1.90 to 2.73) | 2.09 (1.47 to 2.82) | 0.001 | 4.03 (2.56 to 6.36) | 4.94 (2.54 to 8.74) | 0.02 | ||||
| ≤30 | 1.12 (0.92 to 1.35) | 0.30 (−0.20 to 0.88) | — | 1.13 (1.05 to 1.21) | 0.33 (0.13 to 0.53) | — | 1.46 (1.24 to 1.72) | 1.15 (0.60 to 1.81) | — | 2.22 (1.46 to 3.39) | 3.06 (1.15 to 6.00) | — | ||||
| Mean body mass index | ||||||||||||||||
| ≥25 | 1.14 (0.89 to 1.46) | 0.36 (−0.28 to 1.17) | 0.62 | 1.46 (1.09 to 1.96) | 1.17 (0.23 to 2.45) | 0.31 | 2.12 (1.44 to 3.11) | 2.86 (1.12 to 5.38) | 0.35 | 4.12 (2.81 to 6.05) | 7.96 (4.62 to 12.88) | 0.07 | ||||
| <25 | 1.20 (1.08 to 1.33) | 0.33 (0.13 to 0.54) | — | 1.26 (1.17 to 1.36) | 0.43 (0.28 to 0.59) | — | 1.77 (1.60 to 1.96) | 1.26 (0.98 to 1.57) | — | 2.54 (2.01 to 3.21) | 2.53 (1.66 to 3.62) | — | ||||
| Sample size (people) | ||||||||||||||||
| ≥100 000 | 1.24 (1.09 to 1.42) | 0.39 (0.15 to 0.68) | 0.25 | 1.33 (1.15 to 1.54) | 0.54 (0.24 to 0.88) | 0.76 | 1.90 (1.62 to 2.23) | 1.47 (1.01 to 2.00) | 0.93 | 3.30 (1.96 to 5.57) | 3.75 (1.56 to 7.45) | 0.80 | ||||
| <100 000 | 1.13 (0.95 to 1.35) | 0.28 (−0.11 to 0.77) | — | 1.38 (1.17 to 1.62) | 0.83 (0.37 to 1.36) | — | 1.93 (1.43 to 2.61) | 2.04 (0.94 to 3.53) | — | 3.10 (2.00 to 4.79) | 4.60 (2.19 to 8.30) | — | ||||
| Follow-up duration (years) | ||||||||||||||||
| >20 | 1.25 (1.08 to 1.44) | 0.32 (0.10 to 0.56) | 0.52 | 1.33 (1.08 to 1.63) | 0.42 (0.10 to 0.81) | 0.74 | 1.76 (1.36 to 2.29) | 0.97 (0.46 to 1.65) | 0.37 | 2.84 (1.81 to 4.47) | 2.36 (1.04 to 4.44) | 0.40 | ||||
| ≤20 | 1.14 (1.03 to 1.27) | 0.35 (0.08 to 0.68) | — | 1.36 (1.21 to 1.53) | 0.90 (0.53 to 1.33) | — | 2.03 (1.73 to 2.39) | 2.58 (1.83 to 3.48) | — | 3.71 (2.29 to 6.02) | 6.78 (3.23 to 12.55) | — | ||||
| Year of enrolment | ||||||||||||||||
| >1980s | 1.14 (1.03 to 1.27) | 0.37 (0.08 to 0.72) | 0.52 | 1.31 (1.20 to 1.43) | 0.83 (0.53 to 1.15) | 0.82 | 1.90 (1.68 to 2.15) | 2.40 (1.82 to 3.07) | 0.90 | 2.86 (2.31 to 3.55) | 4.97 (3.50 to 6.81) | 0.95 | ||||
| ≤1980s | 1.25 (1.08 to 1.44) | 0.26 (0.08 to 0.46) | — | 1.39 (1.08 to 1.78) | 0.41 (0.08 to 0.81) | — | 1.90 (1.38 to 2.61) | 0.94 (0.40 to 1.67) | — | 3.19 (1.78 to 5.70) | 2.28 (0.81 to 4.89) | — | ||||
| Region | ||||||||||||||||
| North America | 1.19 (0.90 to 1.58) | 0.56 (−0.30 to 1.72) | — | 1.34 (0.97 to 1.84) | 1.01 (−0.09 to 2.49) | — | 1.77 (1.08 to 2.91) | 2.29 (0.24 to 5.67) | — | 2.61 (0.99 to 6.84) | 4.78 (−0.03 to 17.34) | — | ||||
| Europe | 1.19 (0.99 to 1.44) | 0.12 (−0.01 to 0.28) | 0.94† | 1.36 (1.03 to 1.79) | 0.23 (0.02 to 0.50) | 0.90† | 1.96 (1.54 to 2.50) | 0.60 (0.34 to 0.95) | 0.65† | 3.90 (2.58 to 5.89) | 1.83 (1.00 to 3.08) | 0.40† | ||||
| Asia | 1.18 (1.03 to 1.35) | 0.34 (0.06 to 0.67) | 0.97‡ | 1.33 (1.22 to 1.44) | 0.63 (0.42 to 0.84) | 0.90‡ | 1.87 (1.69 to 2.08) | 1.65 (1.31 to 2.05) | 0.70‡ | 2.86 (2.31 to 3.55) | 3.53 (2.49 to 4.85) | 0.66‡ | ||||
| Sex§ | ||||||||||||||||
| Male | 1.13 (1.00 to 1.28) | 0.31 (0.00 to 0.67) | 0.72 | 1.26 (1.12 to 1.42) | 0.62 (0.29 to 1.00) | 0.47 | 1.67 (1.42 to 1.97) | 1.60 (1.00 to 2.32) | 0.30 | 2.57 (1.75 to 3.78) | 3.75 (1.79 to 6.64) | 0.23 | ||||
| Female | 1.17 (0.99 to 1.39) | 0.65 (−0.04 to 1.49) | — | 1.25 (1.22 to 1.29) | 0.96 (0.84 to 1.11) | — | 1.90 (1.54 to 2.33) | 3.45 (2.07 to 5.09) | — | 5.84 (1.05 to 32.62) | 18.54 (0.19 to 121.10) | — | ||||
| Male proportion | ||||||||||||||||
| <90% | 1.14 (1.03 to 1.27) | 0.35 (0.08 to 0.68) | 0.52 | 1.36 (1.21 to 1.53) | 0.90 (0.53 to 1.33) | 0.74 | 2.03 (1.73 to 2.39) | 2.58 (1.83 to 3.48) | 0.37 | 3.71 (2.29 to 6.02) | 6.78 (3.23 to 12.55) | 0.40 | ||||
| ≥90% | 1.25 (1.08 to 1.44) | 0.32 (0.10 to 0.56) | — | 1.33 (1.08 to 1.63) | 0.42 (0.10 to 0.81) | — | 1.76 (1.36 to 2.29) | 0.97 (0.46 to 1.65) | — | 2.84 (1.81 to 4.47) | 2.36 (1.04 to 4.44) | — | ||||
| NOS score | ||||||||||||||||
| >7 | 1.26 (1.11 to 1.43) | 0.29 (0.12 to 0.47) | 0.06 | 1.42 (1.25 to 1.63) | 0.46 (0.28 to 0.69) | 0.19 | 2.06 (1.72 to 2.47) | 1.17 (0.79 to 1.62) | 0.19 | 3.27 (1.98 to 5.39) | 2.50 (1.08 to 4.83) | 0.72 | ||||
| ≤7 | 1.02 (0.93 to 1.12) | 0.08 (−0.27 to 0.46) | — | 1.21 (1.06 to 1.39) | 0.81 (0.23 to 1.51) | — | 1.65 (1.36 to 2.00) | 2.51 (1.39 to 3.86) | — | 2.66 (2.17 to 3.26) | 6.41 (4.52 to 8.72) | — | ||||
NOS=Newcastle-Ottawa scale; RD=risk difference; RR=relative risk.
*
Per 1000 person years.
†
P value for Europe versus North America subgroup.
‡
P value for Asia versus North America subgroup.
§
Sex specific analyses available.