Table 4. Predicted Margins From Adjusted Models of Medication Adherence and Inappropriate Use Using Least Square Meansa .
| Characteristics | Quality Measures |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Noninsulin Diabetes Medications Adherence | Renin-Angiotensin System Antagonist Adherence | Statin Adherence | Use of High-Risk Medicationsb | Statin Use in Persons with Diabetesc | |
| Patient sex | |||||
| Male | 0.54 (0.46–0.61) | 0.73 (0.65–0.79) | 0.68 (0.60–0.75) | 0.05 (0.03–0.08) | 0.69 (0.65–0.74) |
| Female | 0.61 (0.54–0.86) | 0.67 (0.61–0.72) | 0.67 (0.58–0.74) | 0.05 (0.03–0.08) | 0.87 (0.81–0.91) |
| Age group | |||||
| 18–49 | 0.33 (0.21–0.49) | 0.57 (0.50–0.63) | 0.53 (0.43–0.62) | — | — |
| 50–64 | 0.62 (0.56–0.68) | 0.70 (0.63–0.77) | 0.70 (0.61–0.77) | — | — |
| <65 | — | — | — | — | 0.66 (0.63–0.69) |
| 65–74 | 0.78 (0.68–0.85) | 0.76 (0.71–0.81) | 0.75 (0.67–0.81) | 0.05 (0.03–0.09) | — |
| ≥65 | — | — | — | — | 0.88 (0.82–0.93) |
| >74 | 0.54 (0.49–0.58) | 0.74 (0.67–0.80) | 0.71 (0.63–0.78) | 0.04 (0.03–0.07) | — |
| Patient location | |||||
| Urban | 0.67 (0.60–0.73) | 0.67 (0.58–0.74) | 0.72 (0.63–0.79 | 0.05 (0.03–0.09) | 0.82 (0.78–0.85) |
| Rural | 0.47 (0.42–0.52) | 0.73 (0.68–0.77) | 0.63 (0.54–0.71) | 0.04 (0.03–0.08) | 0.77 (0.69–0.83) |
| Patient riskd | |||||
| Low | 0.56 (0.41–0.71) | 0.70 (0.65–0.75) | 0.67 (0.56–0.76) | 0.01 (0.00–0.02) | 0.74 (0.67–0.80) |
| Moderate | 0.52 (0.42–0.62) | 0.71 (0.62–0.79) | 0.64 (0.56–0.72) | 0.06 (0.04–0.08) | 0.77 (0.72–0.82) |
| High | 0.63 (0.50–0.75) | 0.68 (0.61–0.74) | 0.72 (0.64–0.78) | 0.17 (0.12–0.25) | 0.85 (0.78–0.91) |
| Payer | |||||
| Non-Medicaid | 0.73 (0.68–0.77) | 0.76 (0.75–0.77) | 0.75 (0.72–0.78) | 0.05 (0.04–0.06) | 0.72 (0.70–0.74) |
| Medicaid | 0.41 (0.30–0.52) | 0.63 (0.50–0.74) | 0.59 (0.43–0.73) | 0.05 (0.02–0.12) | 0.85 (0.79–0.90) |
| Pharmacy pair | |||||
| Pair 3 | 0.44 (0.34–0.55) | 0.64 (0.58–0.70) | 0.70 (0.64–0.75) | 0.04 (0.03–0.07) | 0.81 (0.75–0.85) |
| Pair 2 | 0.71 (0.65–0.76) | 0.75 (0.69–0.80) | 0.75 (0.65–0.82) | 0.05 (0.03–0.08) | 0.78 (0.74–0.81) |
| Pair 1 | 0.56 (0.48–0.63) | 0.69 (0.64–0.74) | 0.57 (0.47–0.66) | 0.05 (0.03–0.09) | — |
| Pharmacy type | |||||
| Traditional | 0.60 (0.52–0.67) | 0.69 (0.65–0.73) | 0.65 (0.59–0.70) | 0.04 (0.03–0.07) | 0.75 (0.69–0.80) |
| Telepharmacy | 0.55 (0.47–0.63) | 0.70 (0.63–0.77) | 0.70 (0.58–0.80) | 0.06 (0.03–0.10) | 0.83 (0.79–0.87) |
Abbreviations: — , not applicable.
a
All values are predicted margin (95% CI).
b
Use of high-risk medications applies only to patients aged 65 or older, as per measure specifications.
c
Age groups combined for model development; no assessment for Pharmacy Pair 1.
d
Tercile-based stratification of the medication count for measure-eligible patients; varies for each quality measure.